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The Layered Ocean

This overview of ocean circulation explores the density-related layering of oceans influenced by temperature and salinity. The top 100 meters of the ocean is well-mixed, while density increases with depth down to approximately 1000 meters. Below this depth, the ocean becomes more homogenous. Key water masses in the global ocean include Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), and Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW), among others.

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The Layered Ocean

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  1. The Layered Ocean Ocean Circulation based on Density: Temperature and Salinity

  2. Layering Oceans • The top 100 meters is considered well-mixed • Density increases with depth down to approximately 1000 meters • Below 1000 meters, the ocean is considered homogenous

  3. Water Masses • Common water masses in the world ocean are: Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW), the central waters of various oceanic basins, and various surface waters.

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