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Title: Imperial China Collapses Warm-Up:

Title: Imperial China Collapses Warm-Up: List five things that you can remember about studying China from Global History 9. Dynastic Rule Ends in China. Dynastic rule in China for about 3,000 years Qing dynasty chose to isolate China Qing Dynasty in power since 1644

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Title: Imperial China Collapses Warm-Up:

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  1. Title: Imperial China Collapses Warm-Up: List five things that you can remember about studying China from Global History 9.

  2. Dynastic Rule Ends in China • Dynastic rule in China for about 3,000 years • Qing dynasty chose to isolate China • Qing Dynasty in power since 1644 • Opium War and Open Door Policy allow foreign control of trade and economics • Chinese crave modernization • Kuomintang overthrows Qing emperor in 1911

  3. Nationalism Rises in China • Kuomintang; Nationalist party led by: Sun Yixian Yuan Shikai Jiang Jieshi • 1911-Qing Dynasty overthrown • 1912-Sun becomes president of the Republic of China • 3 Principles of the People: • 1-End foreign control • 2-Rights- democracy • 3-Economic Stability • Loses Military support and Yuan Shikai takes power in 1916 • Yuan Shikai- leaves democratic ideals behind

  4. Jiang Jieshi • Leader of the Kuomintang in 1925 • Promised democracy and political rights, but became less democratic and corrupt • Leads the nationalists in the Long March beginning in 1933 • Is supported by the US • Is an ineffective military leader

  5. On May 4, 1919 over 3,000 angry Chinese students gathered in Beijing to protest the Treaty of Versailles Demonstrations spread to other cities throughout China Sun Yixian believes he can regain power, but Communist influence began to spread May Fourth Movement

  6. Mao Zedong • Organizes a Chinese Communist Party in 1921 • Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution • Marxist ideas, but in a rural setting • Gains support of peasants by promising land • Is supported by the USSR • Strong Military leader • Organizes China into communes, “Great Leap Forward”, 5 Year plans, Cultural Revolution

  7. Chinese Civil War • 1930-Civil War erupts between Nationalists (led by Jieshi) and Communists (led by Mao). • Red Army-Begins around 1927 as Mao’s army • Mao recruited peasants • Trained them in guerrilla warfare • Both sides fight Japan during World War I-interrupt the Long March

  8. Long March • Begins in 1933 when Jiang’s army of 700,000 men begin to drive the Communist forces of 100,000 westward • Suspended when the Nationalists and Communists join to fight Japan when Japan invades Manchuria • March covers 6,000 miles • Thousands die or starve • Ultimately Communists gain more support of peasants and win as Jiang and his followers flee to Taiwan establishing Nationalist China. .

  9. Chinese Civil War Activity Task: In your notebook, create a propaganda poster convincing fellow Chinese citizens to join the side in which you support; (the Nationalists or the Communists). Your poster must mention your side’s leader, two facts from the day’s lesson, and be colorful.

  10. Directions: Copy the chart into your notebook and use the textbook (Chapter 30 Section 3), to determine the CAUSES and EFFECTS that the events had on China.

  11. Title: Communists Take Power In China • Warm-Up: • List two facts about the Long March. • Who was the leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist) and who was the leader of the Communist Party? • What was the May 4th Movement?

  12. The Great Leap • Mao’s plan to quickly improve agriculture by forming massive communes • 26,000 communes were created • Strictly controlled life of hard agricultural labor • Ate in communal dining, lived in dorms, raised children together • Led to famine between 1960-1961 – about 20 million people starve to death (Mao Zedong & The Great Leap Forward 2:45)

  13. The Cultural Revolution • 10 year political campaign - rekindle revolutionary spirit and purifying communist party • Removes some communist leaders and names Mao the Supreme commander of the nation and army • Ideological cleansing as intellectuals and artists are targeted- executions and exiles • Red Guards close colleges and schools • “Lost generation” • Thousands are killed or imprisoned

  14. The Red Guard • Militant young people (teens, early 20s) who leave school to form militia units • Carry out Mao’s “Cultural Revolution” • Force people to carry the Little Red Book • Encourage students to turn on teachers • Anyone with power was at risk of being terrorized (Mao’s Cultural Revolution & The Red Guard 1:30)

  15. The Little Red Book • Published from 1964-1976 • A collection of Mao’s quotations • Contains themes such as • “Correcting Mistaken Ideas” • “All Revolutionaries are Paper Tigers” • Citizens had to carry the Little Red Book at all times

  16. Cultural Revolution Posters Activity

  17. Title: China: Reform and Reaction • Warm-Up: • Who was the supreme leader of China? • What kind of government does China have? • Write 2-3 sentences summing up how China progressed to present day.

  18. Gang of Four • Jiang Qing (Mao’s 4th wife), Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Nongwen • Were radical leaders of the Cultural Revolution • When Mao died they are arrested and are either killed or imprisoned for treasonous crimes

  19. Deng Xiaoping • By 1980 emerges as the leader of China • Decentralizes China’s economy and opens the country to foreign trade • Four Modernizations- : Brings overall modernization to China after years of stagnated development • Agriculture: eliminates communes, allows farmers to grow some crops and sell them for profit- food production increases • Industry: allows some private businesses • National Defense: Modernizes and improves • Science & Technology: Welcomes foreign technology and investment • The Tiananmen Square massacre occurs under his rule

  20. Tiananmen Square • Tiananmen Square is in Beijing • 1989-students gather to demand democratic reforms • Thousands go on a hunger strike • June 4, 1989-Xiaoping declares martial law-tanks are sent in, open gunfire- hundreds are killed and thousands are wounded • Shows that Human Rights violations are a continuing issue in China despite reforms.

  21. Modern Leaders Jiang Zemin HuJintao Becomes president in 2002 Has been a little more open to reforms than previous leaders Says he is interested in improving the lives of the “ordinary people” of China • Comes to power in 1997 • Was seen as practical and flexible, but a weak military leader • US pressures China to improve human rights, free political prisoners, but China remains hostile • Resigns in late 2002

  22. Hong Kong • Hong Kong was a British colony for 155 years as a result of the Opium War and the Treaty of Nanking • In 1997, Britain returns Hong Kong to China • China promises to respect Hong Kong’s current policies, but Hong Kong is concerned • China has tightened its control of Hong Kong

  23. Global Issues & China • Population Issues: • About 1.3 billion people in China today • Predicted to grow to 1.6 billion by 2043 • Most live in the Eastern part of the country where land is farmable (close to rivers) • Has implemented a “one child policy” • Rumors of forced abortions, discarded baby girls (Human Rights Violation) • Ratio of children: boys to girls (117:100) • Harder to enforce in rural areas • Consequences could include losing employment, paying more money for social programs • Censorship: • Early 2010-Google pulled out of China due to the government’s instance on internet censorship • Other forms of censorship and state glorification continue in China

  24. Global Issues & China (Big Box Mart 2:25) • Outsourcing/Globalization: • Outsourcing-Sending jobs from one nation to another to decrease costs for the business either through manufacturing costs, wages, taxes, etc.) • Globalization-Inter-consecutiveness of the world’s nations through economic, social, and political means. Idea merges theories of cultural diffusion with interdependence.

  25. Global Issues & China • Pollution/Climate Change: • Definition-Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere • How-Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced. It can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. • Why is this a problem? • Human health can be affected directly and indirectly by climate change in part through extreme periods of heat and cold, storms, and climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria, and smog episodes. • Animal habitats and food sources are in danger • Rising sea levels and melting glaciers • What is China’s role? • Increased pollution due to lack of regulations in many Chinese industrial centers has decreased air and water quality. • China accounts for 20% of all greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere.

  26. The Green Revolution & China • Definition- Movement in the late 1960s early 1970s to increase crop yields and avoid famines due to poor agricultural production. • How? Technology was utilized to create better seeds that would increase the amount per harvest, be more resistant to disease, require less fertilizer and sunlight, and be able to adopt to various soil compositions. • Why is this important? The worlds poorer nations and regions were suffering from poor crop harvests thus triggering famines and political instability. It was also viewed as a humanitarian issue.

  27. Directions:Write down 15-20 facts from the video in your notebook.

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