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Progressive American Society

Progressive American Society. Period 7 Part 1 1898-1920. Think About It. To what extent did the progressive movement maintain continuity and foster change in American society?. Middle Class Social Gospel Populism Education and Academics Journalism and Literature.

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Progressive American Society

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  1. Progressive American Society Period 7 Part 1 1898-1920

  2. Think About It To what extent did the progressive movement maintain continuity and foster change in American society?

  3. Middle Class Social Gospel Populism Education and Academics Journalism and Literature Development of ProgressivesProblems and Solutions Industrialization Urbanization Commercialism and Consumerism Laissez-faire Policies Radicalism Upper-Class Lower-Class Social Darwinism

  4. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one - there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. Muckrakers Purpose Exposure of urban problems and political and economic corruption and exploitation Targets monopolies/trusts/corporations (steel, oil, railroads) political bosses and machines poor living and working conditions (tenements) Mainstream Mass media (newspapers, magazines) Journalists and Authors Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Meat-packing industry Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives Tenement living Ida Tarbell’s Mother of Trusts Rockefeller and Standard Oil Trust

  5. Progressive Social ReformTemperance to Prohibition Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Anti-Saloon League (1895) “the Church in action against the saloon” Pressure politics Grassroots campaigning and mass media Coalition included Democrats, Republicans, suffragists, KKK, industrialists, IWW, NAACP, Progressives, Populists, Protestants, American Catholics Eighteenth Amendment (1919) Prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol Volstead Act

  6. Progressive Labor ReformsLabor Unions American Federation of Labor (AFL) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) (1905) The Wobblies Mother Jones, “Big Bill” Haywood “an injury to one is an injury to all” Industrial unionism All inclusive membership Direct Action Strikes, boycotts, propaganda, violence Labor Union Membership, 1897-1920

  7. Progressive Labor ReformsLabor Strikes Anthracite Coal Strike (1902) 147,000 miners strike President Theodore Roosevelt mediates Victory for union and membership soared Lawrence Textile Strike (1912) IWW organized 23,000 worker strike Media used to appeal to public sympathies Ludlow Massacre (1914) Led to political, corporate, and public support for labor unions and worker demands

  8. Progressive Labor ReformsLabor - Working Hours Lochner v. New York (1905) 10-hour day/60-hour week unconstitutional in violation of right to contract per 14th Amendment Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limited working hours for women based on health and maternity Ford Motor Company Doubled pay to $5/day and 8-hour work days Profits and productivity increased

  9. Progressive Labor ReformsLabor - Working Conditions Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) 146 garment workers killed Led to massive push for worker/factory safety regulations and accident insurance

  10. Progressive Labor ReformsChild Labor By 1900, 1.7 million 5-10 year olds (1 in 6) were wage earners Keating-Owen Act (1916) Prohibited interstate shipment of goods manufactured or processed by child labor Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) Federal regulation of child labor not within Congress’s interstate commerce power Only states could establish child labor laws through intrastate commerce

  11. Progressive Social ReformsAfrican Americans in America Supreme Court Civil Rights Cases of 1883 Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional Segregation may be practiced by private individuals and businesses Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Established “separate but equal” Jim Crow Laws Established by white Redeemer state governments Legitimized by Plessy v. Ferguson Segregated public facilities and accommodations Disenfranchisement Grandfather clauses Poll taxes Literacy tests

  12. Progressive Social ReformsBooker T. Washington Advocated economic progress to secure civil rights Tuskegee Institute (1881-1915) Vocational institution, primarily teaching Atlanta Compromise (1895) In the South, blacks would submit to white political rule in exchange for education and due process of law Up From Slavery (1901) Depicted his struggle and rise from slavery to educational leader White House Dinner First black person ever invited to a White House dinner with Theodore Roosevelt White reaction and backlash

  13. Progressive Social ReformW.E.B. Du Bois Advocated social and political equality to secure economic progress Niagara Movement (1905) Opposed disenfranchisement and segregation Dismissed accommodation and pursued more direct action and struggle National Association for the Advancement for Colored People (NAACP) (1909) A group of blacks and whites, males and females established an effective civil rights organization

  14. Progressive Social Reforms Lynchings Ida B. Wells Muckraking articles and pamphlets to expose lynchings against blacks in the South “We of the South have never recognized the right of the negro to govern white men, and we never will. We have never believed him to be the equal of the white man, and we will not submit to his gratifying his lust on our wives and daughters without lynching him.” - Senator Ben Tillman (D-SC), 1900 Great Migration (1910-1930) Escape segregation, disenfranchisement, lynchings 1.6 million Southern blacks migrated to Northeast and Midwest cities

  15. The Great Migration

  16. Progressive Social ReformsWomen Suffrage Political Progress Frontier life promoted equality among women Western states fuel suffrage movement Jeanette Ranking (R-MT) First woman elected to U.S. House (1916) National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) (1900) Carrie Chapman Catt National Women’s Party Silent Sentinels Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

  17. Nineteenth Amendment The right to vote cannot be denied based on sex/gender Ratified August 18, 1920 9 southern states did not ratify until 1941-1984 after originally rejecting it Legacy League of Women Voters Develop political efficacy among women Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Equal opportunity, pay, recognition, and benefits

  18. Progressive Social ReformsImmigration Progressive Era Legislation Anarchist Exclusion Act (1903) Gentleman’s Agreement (1905) Desegregate California schools for Japanese children Japan prevents further emigration of unskilled laborers Dillingham Commission (1907-1911) Southern and Eastern Europeans threatened American character Recommended literacy requirements Immigration Act of 1917 Extended list of “undesirables” (homosexuals, alcoholics, illiterate) Asiatic Barred Zone

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