1. SEOUL Challenges for Environmentally Sustainable Transport Dr. GyengChul Kim Department of Urban Transit Seoul Development Institute of SMG (gckim@sdi.re.kr)

2. Facts About Seoul Basic Statistics Population(2005) 10.3 million 20.9 % Foreign Residents (2005) 129 thousand 1.2 % Area (2005) 605 km2 0.6 % GRDP(2004) 187 trillion $ 23.1 % Companies (2004) 740,779 23.2 % Parkland (2004) 160 km2 With a population of 10 million, Seoul is a world-renowned megalopolis. It occupies 605 square kilometers or 0.6 % of the nation’s territory. Seoul is the economic heart of Korea, and has been the key driver of Korea’s economic growth. Seoul’s GRDP as of 2004 was 187 trillion dollar (U.S.), according for 23 % the national GDP.

3. Population & Vehicles □ Registered vehicles : 46 times 1970 : 60 thousands 2003 : 2.8 millions □ Population : doubled 1970 : 5.4 million 2003 : 10.4 million

4. Gridlock of SEOUL in 90’s

5. Strategy(PUSH + PULL) □ Transit System : Integration for Multi-Modal ○ Physical (between modes(Station+Stops)) ○ Network (Railway, Bus, and others) ○ Fare (Equity, Providing incentives ) ○ Information (Seamless transfer) ○ Institutional (Custom-based) □CAR Space : REFORM ○ GREENING of Car Space ○ Pedestrian Friendly Street ○ Culture Re-creative Space

6. Revenue System Change After Before ○ Revenue based on Service Distance (Vehkm) +BMS ○Revenue based on Number of Passengers • Friendly drivers • No route ownership • Effective route reorg. • Decrease of total op. cost  Decrease of gov. subsidy Service Quality Bus Stop • Excessive competition Chaos on roads (interruptions) Quick Stops and Start • Driver vs Passenger FTG Service Quality

7. Results of Bus Re-routing Increase - Network Capacity  new Bus Route +BRT - Bus ridership - Bus Frequency( Keep Interval ) Decrease – Total Bus Operation Cost • Increase - Bus Company Revenue • Decrease – Subsidy of SMG

8. Create Bus Priority MB Lane ■ Expansion Plan (13 lines/192㎞) ※ Status of Existing Bus Lanes(2005) ▷Exclusive median bus lanes:7 lines/ 84㎞ ▷Curbside bus lanes: 293.6㎞

9. □CNG buses 2010

10. Passenger-car Reduction Policy □ Restoration of Cheonggyecheon • Decrease of car-traffic volume : 125,000 veh/day After(Sep. 2005) Before

11. Fundamental Solution to Safety Problem • Obsolescence of Expressway and Covering Structures • Create an Environment-friendly City Space • Deterioration of City Environment • Recovery of Seoul’s Historic and Cultural Space • Loss of Historic and Cultural Relics • Balance Regional Development • Area Development Falling Behind Other Area of Seoul □ CheonGyeCheon Restoration

12. Achievement :Air Pollution

13. Achievement :Fuel Consumption

14. Key Messages from Seoul ○ Make Success Story dramatically ex) BRT with Restructuring ALL re-Coloring, re-Routing, Free Transfer, re-Spacing, delete M-way+Parking Lot, Use IT for exciting Transit ○MY Authority First, and Ask others Take Transit, NO-AUTO ○War against Auto, Dancing with Transit Users With NGO, Labor Union, Political leader

15. INTEGRATION ISSUE for Public Transit Public Transit Station Network Information Org. Fare TDM Congestion Pricing Re design+re-spacing Emission Control Diesel car surveillance Fine system Land Use Planning TOD (Long term) • IT System Solution ? • Political WILL ?