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Understanding the Fundamentals of Life: Characteristics and Classifications

This overview explores the essential characteristics of life, highlighting that all living organisms are composed of cells, require energy, reproduce, display heredity, respond to their environment, maintain homeostasis, and evolve. It defines life according to various dictionaries and outlines the six kingdoms of living organisms: Archaea, Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Additionally, it explains the classification hierarchy, from kingdom to species, using examples such as lions and humans. The information is designed for educational purposes and provides valuable insights into biological classification.

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Understanding the Fundamentals of Life: Characteristics and Classifications

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  1. LIFE All living things: 1. Are composed of cells 2. require energy 3. reproduce 4. display heredity – pass traits down from parent to offspring 5. respond to the environment 6. maintain homeostasis – keep within normal range 7. evolve and adapt

  2. LIFE DEFINITIONS • II. Some Definitions of Life: • Life: The property manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, response to stimulation, and reproduction, by which living organisms are distinguished from dead organisms or from inanimate matter. (Webster's Dictionary) • Life: The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their functions; used of all animal and vegetable organisms. (Gray's Medical Dictionary)

  3. Classification - 6 Kingdoms • Archaeans • Monerans • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  4. Archaeans • 1 cell • No true nucleus • Live in extreme environments • High temperatures • High salinity • High methane concentrations

  5. KINGDOM MONERA (monerans) *1 cell *no true nucleus - prokaryote –*examples - bacteria, blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria)

  6. KINGDOM PROTISTA (protists) *1 cell *have a true nucleus – eukaryote *examples - amoeba, diatom, euglena, paramecium, some algae (unicellular), etc

  7. KINGDOM FUNGI *multicellular *have nuclei*mainly do not move from place to place*heterotrophic – must get food (food is digested outside of fungus)*examples - mushroom, mold, puffball, shelf/bracket fungus, yeast, etc

  8. KINGDOM PLANTAE (plants) *multicellular *have nuclei *do not move *autotrophic – makes own food *examples - multicellular algae, mosses, ferns, flowering plants (dandelions, roses, etc.), trees, etc

  9. KINGDOM ANIMALIA (animals) *multicellular *have nuclei *do move *heterotrophic – must get food *examples - sponge, jellyfish, insect, fish, frog, bird, lion, humans

  10. Classification • Kingdom – King • Phyllum – Philip • Class - came • Order – over • Family – for • Genus – good • Species – sphaghetti

  11. Classification of living things • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class - Mammalia • Order - Carnivora • Family - Felicidae • Genus - Panthera • Species – Leo • LION – Panthera Leo

  12. Classification of Humans • Kingdom:   Animalia Phylum:   Chordata (Subphylum:   Vertebrata)Class:   MammaliaOrder:   Primates  Family:   HominidaeGenus:   HomoSpecies:   sapiens Humans – Homo sapiens

  13. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • Scientific names - 2 name naming system • The genus and species name are used to name each species • Ex. Lion is Panthera Leo • Ex. Humans are Homo sapiens

  14. Credits • http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/table_humans.htm • http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/sciber00/7th/classify/sciber/5king2.htm • http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/images/domains_lg_gif_image.html • http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrintsIndex/GP2110.html • http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/bacteria.html

  15. Credits • http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.html • http://www.biotal.co.uk/beef/yeasts/yeasts.html • http://www.wssa.net/photo&info/NoEditWFP.htm • http://www.smugmug.com/community/PanaUsers/keyword/zoo • http://www.atpm.com/6.08/insects/

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