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The Jeffersonian Presidency

The Jeffersonian Presidency. Thomas Jefferson. John Adams. The Election of 1800. The Election of 1800. Issues: The Alien and Sedition Acts Hamilton’s financial system “character issues”. Results: Tie between TJ and Burr No winner in the Electoral College

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The Jeffersonian Presidency

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  1. The Jeffersonian Presidency

  2. Thomas Jefferson John Adams The Election of 1800

  3. The Election of 1800 • Issues: • The Alien and Sedition Acts • Hamilton’s financial system • “character issues”

  4. Results: Tie between TJ and Burr No winner in the Electoral College Multiple ballots in the House Role of Hamilton Persuades Federalists in NY to abstain Gives TJ enough States to win House vote The Election of 1800

  5. QQ • Explain how events overseas affected foreign and domestic policy during the Federalist Era.

  6. Marbury v. Madison Background • Judiciary Act of 1789 • SC organized w/ six justices • Organized federal courts • Primary jurisdiction in cases involving Exec. Branch • Judiciary Act of 1801 (lame duck congress) • Increases number of federal courts: 6 to 16 • Reduces SC from 6 to 5 judges

  7. TJ vs. the Supreme Court • Role of Chief Justice John Marshall Last Federalist in power Use of strong federal power “Loose” interpretation of the Constitution

  8. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury promised a Justice of the Peace position in Vermont (one of Adams’ “midnight appointments”) Jefferson instructs Madison not to deliver the appointment; Marbury sues the federal government.

  9. Judicial Review Marshall rules in favor of Marbury First use of “judicial review” (the ability of the Courts to rule on acts of the President or of Congress) Major expansion of federal power; makes judicial branch equal to other two

  10. “The Revolution of 1800” Democrat-Republican victory First peaceful transition of power from one party to the other in history Beginning of the end for the Federalist Party “But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”

  11. The Moderation of Thomas Jefferson Kept most of the Hamiltonian system Kept the tariff and the BUS Dropped only the tax on whiskey (woohoo!)

  12. TJ Retaliates Against the Court! The impeachment of Samuel Chase “high crimes and misdemeanors” Acquitted by the Senate Crisis averted Balance of powers preserved

  13. The Louisiana Purchase

  14. The Louisiana Purchase Original mission of James Monroe: purchase of West Florida and New Orleans for $10m. Napoleon’s counter-offer: the entire territory for $15m (3 cents an acre!)

  15. Constitutional issues: No authority in Con. To purchase land Negotiations done in secret Accusations by Feds of hypocrisy TJ’s response: Proposed Constitutional amendment DRs ignore it and buy the land The Louisiana Purchase

  16. Impact of the Louisiana Purchase Doubled size of the Republic Gained access to the Mississippi River Ended possibility of re-invasion by Britain

  17. Lewis and Clark Purposes: To explore and map new territories To contact the various tribes Scientific survey Clark Lewis

  18. The Corps of Discovery Made up of former Army Regulars

  19. Lewis and Clark • Role of Sacagawea Impact: size of country established treaties signed with tribes new species discovered led to westward expansion

  20. The “Mosquito Fleet” • Rationale: • Less costly • Prevents possible tyranny Long Term Impact: less able to defend US against the British

  21. Jefferson vs. Charles Pinckney Decline of the Federalist Party: Less able to attract Western voters Too elitist Geographically locked in with New England Older generation Election of 1804

  22. Renewed Problems with Britain (AGAIN!) Renewed impressment of American sailors British harassment of US trade Conflicts with Indians in the West The “Chesapeake Incident”

  23. The Embargo Act of 1807 • Total ban on trade with all countries • No support for either France or Britain impact upon Jefferson

  24. Reaction to the Embargo Act • Smuggling and piracy • TJ unpopular Repeal by Congress (Feb. 1809)

  25. The Jeffersonian Legacy Positive: LA Purchase Lewis and Clark Increased democratization Moderation in governing Negative: “mosquito fleet” Embargo Act Attempted takeover of judicial branch

  26. What parts of Jefferson’s vision for the United States have come to pass? In what ways was he wrong about America’s future? • Why was Louisiana’s acquisition by France so dangerous to the US? • How was the loss of Haiti related to the willingness of France to sell Louisiana? • Why was Jefferson willing to put aside his Constitutional scruples to purchase LA? In other words, what was his vision for LA? • How did the purchase of LA force Americans to confront issues of race and race relations they’d not encountered before? • How did the relationship with North Africa change during Jefferson’s Administration?

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