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Understanding Farm and Food Price Dynamics

Explore the relationship between farm and retail food prices, how marketing services impact price, demand equations, elasticities, and the concept of flexibility in agricultural products pricing.

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Understanding Farm and Food Price Dynamics

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  1. Farm and Food Prices - Derived Demand AG BM 102

  2. Introduction • Consumers rarely buy directly from farmers • Instead farmers sell to marketing service providers, who process, store, transport, and otherwise add utility, and who sell to the consumer • Hence, retail demand is not farm demand

  3. Eggs • Farmers sell nest run eggs to packer • The packers wash, candle, inspect, and sort the eggs • The eggs are sold to the supermarket • The consumer buys the eggs • These marketing services cost about 50 cents per dozen

  4. Egg Demand

  5. Farm Egg Supply

  6. Some Points about Graph • Equilibrium where DF and SF cross • This is P = $0.40/doz and Q = 21 doz./cap. • At this quantity Mc = $0.50 and PR = $0.90 • No incentive to move • Farm price = Retail price – marketing cost

  7. Demand Equations

  8. Elasticities

  9. Some Notes • Farm Demand is derived from retail demand • When farm market is in equilibrium it defines retail market as well • Farm demand elasticity is always less elastic than retail • Farmer is separated from consumer by marketing sector • If marketing costs rise, farm price goes down and retail price goes up

  10. FlexibilityThe percent change in price in response to a 1 % change in quantity

  11. Flexibility • Applies especially to the demand for agricultural products • Useful in recognizing that quantity is predetermined and prices adjust to clear market • Strawberries, tomatoes, other non-storable products

  12. Calculate Flexibility Since the farm level flexibility is greater farm prices move more as the quantity supplied increases

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