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Understanding the Chemical Defense: The Relationship Between Sea Butterflies and Amphipods

This chapter explores the intriguing interaction between sea butterflies and amphipods, focusing on the chemical defense mechanisms utilized by sea butterflies that may deter predators. It discusses the hypothesis that amphipods "kidnap" sea butterflies for their chemical protection. Through a series of controlled experiments, researchers test the effects of sea butterfly extracts on fish feeding behavior. The study reveals the potential for sea butterfly chemicals as pest repellents and their applications in treating human diseases while emphasizing the need for further research.

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Understanding the Chemical Defense: The Relationship Between Sea Butterflies and Amphipods

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 Bringing It all Together in Integrated Science

  2. Sea Butterflies & Amphipods Biology, Chemistry, and the Scientific Method

  3. James McClintock (UA) & Bill Baker (USF)

  4. Studying toxic chemicals used to deter predatorsObserved something very interesting

  5. Curious relationship between sea butterfly and amphipods • sea butterfly • amphipod YouTube - sea angel YouTube - Amphipods Playing!

  6. 1. Observation • Many amphipods carry sea butterflies on their backs.

  7. 2. Question Why are the amphipods “kidnapping” sea butterflies?

  8. 3. Hypothesize • The sea butterflies give amphipods a chemical defense

  9. 4. Predict • They would be able to isolate a toxic chemical from the sea butterfly • Fish that normally feed on amphipods would avoid this chemical

  10. 5. Test the Predictions

  11. These were good results, but…. • Were the fish reacting to a chemical from the sea butterflies? • or • Were the fish just reacting to the feel of the sea butterflies in their mouths?

  12. Controlled Experiment • Experiment that tests only one thing (variable) at a time. • Here they were looking for chemicals from sea butterflies

  13. Experiment #1 • Prepared plain fish food pellets • (no sea butterfly extract) • Control Pellets

  14. Experiment #2 • Prepared fish food pellets that contained sea butterfly extract • Experimental Pellets

  15. 6. Draw a Conclusion Sea butterflies produce a chemical deterrent.

  16. Looking Forward….. • Possible applications as a pest repellant • Can it be useful in treating in human diseases • Need much more study

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