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Biological (genomic) information

Biological (genomic) information. Dan Janies janies-1@medctr.osu.edu. C Value paradox The amount of DNA in the haploid genome of a species does not correlate with its morphological complexity. Transcription polymerase forms mRNA from DNA. Translation ribosome forms protein from mRNA.

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Biological (genomic) information

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  1. Biological (genomic) information Dan Janies janies-1@medctr.osu.edu

  2. C Value paradoxThe amount of DNA in the haploid genome of a species does not correlate with its morphological complexity.

  3. Transcription polymerase forms mRNA from DNA

  4. Translationribosome forms protein from mRNA

  5. Regulation CIS regulatory elements: DNA sequences in the vicinity of the structural portion of a gene that are required for gene expression such as: promoters enhancers silencers Trans-acting factors: proteins that bind to the cis-acting sequences to control gene expression such as: products of regulatory genes generalized specific

  6. VariationInsertion-deletion mutations

  7. VariationSubstitution mutations Transversions Transitions

  8. Variation Transcriptional control can be modified by the insertion of transposable elements (e.g. Alu sequences) or mutation.

  9. Post-transcriptional variationAlternative pre-mRNA splicing have lately been shown to take place for at least half of the genes among human and other eukaryotes. Differential splicing is probably more the rule than the exception.

  10. C Value variationGenome sizes among flowering plants vary dramatically over almost 3 orders of magnitude, Genome size variation greatly exceeds estimates of differences in gene numbers.Plant genomes expand by several mechanisms, including polyploidization, transposition, and gene duplication.

  11. Synteny:comparison of genomic sequence data of two different species facilitates the identification of novel genes and conserved regulatory elements.

  12. Population level variationNatural selectionSexual reproduction (independent assortment in meiosis)Gene flowGenetic drift

  13. Suggested Readingftp://ftp.amnh.org/pub/people/djanies/bmi731WhiteFUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND THE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT, VARIATION AND EVOLUTIONSearlsPHARMACOPHYLOGENOMICS: GENES, EVOLUTION AND DRUG TARGETSRubin and HallPERSPECTIVES FOR VASCULAR GENOMICS

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