1 / 23

The Evolution of Detective Work: From Historical Origins to Modern Techniques

This comprehensive overview explores the historical origins and evolution of detective work, tracing its roots from early European systems like Frankpledge and the Bow Street Runners to the establishment of modern law enforcement agencies such as the FBI. It highlights key figures like Jonathan Wild, Eugene Vidocq, and Allan Pinkerton, who shaped criminal investigation practices. Additionally, it delves into significant advancements in forensic science, such as fingerprinting and DNA profiling, and the impact of legal frameworks on criminal justice.

cornelius
Télécharger la présentation

The Evolution of Detective Work: From Historical Origins to Modern Techniques

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 1HISTORICAL ORIGINS

  2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE DETECTIVE • European Origins FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM TITHINGS MERCHANT FINANCED WATCHES

  3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Shifting masses of people • Younger people relocating to cities • Brutal Punishments- capital offenses • Parliamentary reward system • Apprehension paid official 40 pounds

  4. EUROPEAN ORIGINS • THIEF TAKING- fee for return of property • JONATHON WILD “It takes a thief to catch a thief • Buckle maker and Brothel operator • Hired thieves for a cut of their thefts • Sometimes he turned in his employees for reward • Executed for stealing items to be returned

  5. ORIGINS (Cont.) • EUGENE VODOCQ- Thief catcher 80 yr. after Wild • Thief sanctioned by police- informant • Became head of Paris detective bureau • Police grew envious, accused of picking pockets, left Paris police • Started pvt. detective bureau-200 arrests • Started “Trade protection society”

  6. ENGLISH DETECTIVE • HENRY FIELDING- Wrote Tom Jones • Bow Street Runners • Became Magistrate • Passed company to blind brother • 1821- 1828/ 41% increase in crime with only a 15% increase in population • Blamed crime increase on gin consumption

  7. LONDON METRO POLICE ACT • SIS ROBERT PEEL- Occupied a building that had been used by Scottish Royalty • Open to public- called Scotland Yard • Bobbies- introduced term “Detective” • Model for Police Administration • Peel’s Principles • http://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/laworder/9points.htm

  8. EARLY AMERICAN DETECTIVES • Allan Pinkerton- Appointed by mayor of Chicago- First detective 1849 • “AMERICA’S FOUNDEROF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION” • Pinkerton Investigative Agency early 1850s • War Between the States- Protected President Lincoln- Gathered intelligence for the North • Pioneered handwriting examinations and central federal record keeping. FBI roots

  9. MODUS OPERANDI • The way you go about committing crime MO • Thomas Byrnes- NYC Chief of Detectives first recognized criminal technique

  10. STATE-AUTHORIZED POLICING • Texas Rangers- 1835 First State Police started for protection from indians

  11. FEDERAL INVESTIGATIONS • J. Edgar Hoover- First Director- 1924 • Est. Central Records Chicago/ Leavenworth • Uniform Crime Reports • Established the FBI image

  12. UNIFORM CRIME REPORT • UCR- NUMBER OF REPORTED CRIMES PER 100,000 • # Crimes/Population X 100,000= UCR • 100/1,000,000 X 100,000= 10

  13. CRIMINALISTICS • Forensic Science earliest application • Alphonse Bertillion- Anthropometry- Catalogued basic factors for identification • Body measured in 11 key places • + eye, hair, and skin color • Portrait parle’- front and side mug shot • Will West Case

  14. CONTRIBUTORS TO CRIMINALISTICS • Francis Galton- dactylography- fingerprint identification • Edward Richard Henry- System of fingerprint classification • Arthur Conan Doyle- Sherlock Holmes books predicted many forensic practices • Edmond Locard- Established principle “Every contact leaves a trace”

  15. CONTRIBUTORS (Cont.) • AUGUST VOLLMER • Town Marshall- Berkley CA • Police organization • Agency developed the first polygraph • ALEC JEFFREYS Discovered DNA Profiling “Genetic fingerprinting” 1984 • DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID 1st use1987

  16. DR. HENRY C. LEE • Contemporary criminalist • Kennedy assination • OJ Simpson Case • Jon Benet Ramsey

  17. LEGAL INFLUENCES • Bill of Rights • 14th Amendment • 4th, 5th, and 6th most effect on CRJ

  18. 4TH AMENDMENT • Unlawful search and seizure • Exclusionary Rule • Mapp v. Ohio

  19. 5TH AMENDMENT • You cannot be compelled to be a witness against yourself • You cannot be deprived of due process rights • You cannot be tried twice for the same offense

  20. 6TH AMENDMENT • Right to counsel • Right to have a swift trial • Jury of your peers

  21. U.S. ORIGINS

More Related