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The New Testament

The New Testament. The Gospels. Matthew. The Apostle Matthew, until recent times was, the only person considered to be the author. Nowhere does Matthew claim authorship. The date of writing has been placed between A.D. 80 and 100.

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The New Testament

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  1. The New Testament The Gospels

  2. Matthew The Apostle Matthew, until recent times was, the only person considered to be the author. Nowhere does Matthew claim authorship. The date of writing has been placed between A.D. 80 and 100. Matthew is believed to have been written in Syria or Palestine and is considered to be the most Jewish in form of the Gospels. Intended audience was probably the Jews.

  3. Purpose of Matthew’s Gospel Although Matthew never formally states his purpose for writing his Gospel study of the text provides clues. • Certainly Matthew desired to preserve his knowledge of the life and times of Jesus Christ • The coming of Jesus is the biggest moment in all of history. • Jesus is the Savior of the world, both Jews and Gentiles. • Jesus is Lord and Supreme Authority. • Jesus’ entire ministry was built around teaching the people.

  4. Most Historic Event Ever! • Matthew begins by listing Jesus’ genealogy calling him the Son of David and son of Abraham (1:1) • Joseph is visited by an Angel and is told not to be afraid to wed Mary. She will give birth to a son by the holy Spirit and he is to name him Jesus. (1:20-21) • The Birth of Jesus fulfills prophecy. (1:22-23) • The Magi follow a star and come to worship the newborn King of the Jews (2:1-12) • An Angel appears to Joseph to warn against Herod’s desire to kill Jesus. (2:13-18)

  5. Jesus Baptized and Tested • John the Baptist begins baptizing in the river Jordan. (3:1-6) • John foretells of the coming of Jesus: • “I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me comes one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and Fire.” (3:11) • John Baptizes Jesus. Afterward a voice from heaven says: “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.” (3:13-17) • Jesus fasts for forty days and forty nights and is tempted in the wilderness. (4:1-11)

  6. Jesus Begins to Preach • Jesus went to Capernaum to fulfill Isaiah’s Prophecy. “Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven has come near.” (4:12-17) • Jesus calls his first Disciples. The fishermen Simon called Peter and his brother Andrew were first. “Come, Follow me, and I will send you out to fish for people.” (4:18-20) • James some of Zebadee and his brother, also fishermen, were next. (4:21-22) • Jesus begins teaching in Synagogues and begins healing sickness and disease and casting out Demons. (4:23-25)

  7. The Sermon on the Mount • Matthew has by far for to report about the Sermon on the Mount than any of the other Gospels. • The Beatitudes are introduced (5:3-12) • Salt and Light. “You are the salt of the Earth.” (5:13) “You are the light of the world.” (5-14) • Murder, Adultery, Divorce, Oaths, an Eye for an Eye, and Love for Enemies (5:21-48) • Giving to the Needy, The Lord’s Prayer, Fasting, Heavenly Treasures, Do not Worry (6:1-34) • Judging Others, Ask, Seek, Knock, Narrow and Wide Gates, True and False Prophets, True and False Disciples, The Wise and Foolish Builder. (7:1-29)

  8. Jesus the Savior of Jews and Gentiles • Jesus Heals a man with leprosy. (8:1-4) • The Centurion shows his faith and Jesus heals his servant without going to him. (8:5-13) • Jesus heals many. (8:14-17) • Jesus calms a storm. (8:23-27) • Jesus performs many other miracles: Restores two Demon-possessed men, heals paralyzed man, raises a dead girl and heals a sick woman, heals the blind and a mute. (8:28 to 9:38) • Jesus sends out the Twelve. “Do not go among the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans. Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.” (10:5-6) “I am sending you out like sheep among wolves.” (10:16) “Anyone who welcomes you welcomes me, and anyone who welcomes me welcomes the one who sent me.” (10:40)

  9. Jesus the Teacher • The Sermon on the Mount was just the beginning of Jesus’s teaching. • Unrepentant Towns – Jesus denounces the towns where most of his miracles occurred because they did not repent. (11:20) • Come to me, all of you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me…” (11:28-29) • Pharisees say Beelzebul is who is working through Jesus to expel demons. “If Satan drives our Satan, he is divided against himself…” (12:26)

  10. The Parables • The Parable of the Sower. (13:1-23) • The Parable of the Weeds. (13:24-30) • The Parables of the Mustard Seed and the Yeast. (13:31-35) • The Parables of the Hidden Treasure and the Pearl. (13:44-46) • The Parable of the Net. (13:47-52) • The Parable of the Wandering Sheep (18:10-14) • The Parable of the Unmerciful Servant (18:21-35) • The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard. (20:1-16) • The Parable of the Two Sons. (21:28-32) • The Parable of the Tenants. (21:33-46) • The Parable of the Wedding Banquet. (22:1-14) • The Parable of the Ten Virgins. (25:1-13) • The Parable of the Bags of Gold. (25:14-30)

  11. Jesus Predicts His Death Three Times • Jesus predicts his death. (16:21-26) “For whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for me will find it.” (16-25) • Jesus predicts his death a second time. (17:22-23) • “The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men. They will kill him and on the third day he will be raised to life. (17:22-23) • Jesus predicts his death a third time. (20:17-19) • “We are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and they will hand hi over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified. On the third day he will be raised to life.” (20:18-19)

  12. Jesus’ Betrayal by Judas “As you know, The Passover is two days away – and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified.” (26:2) • Judas agrees to Betray Jesus. (26:14-16) • Matthew is the only Gospel to give Judas’ price for betraying Jesus as thirty pieces of silver. • “The one I kiss is the man; arrest him.” Armed men stepped forward at Judas’ signal and arrested Jesus. (26:47-56) • Judas hangs himself. (27:1-5) So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself. (27:5)

  13. The Last Supper • Jesus predicts his betrayal. (26:21) • While they were eating Jesus took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is my body.” (26:26) • Then he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins.” (26:27-28)

  14. Peter’s Denial of Jesus and Jesus Under Arrest • Jesus predicts Peter’s denial. (26:31-35) “Truly I tell you, this very night, before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times.” (26:34) • When Judas kisses Jesus on the cheek armed men arrest Jesus. (26:47:56) • Jesus before the Sanhedrin. (26:57-63) The high priest said to him, “I charge you under oath, by the living God: Tell us if you are the Messiah, the Son of God.” Jesus replied, “You have said so.” • Peter denies Jesus three times. (26:69-75) • Jesus before Pilate. (27:11-26) Pilate asks, “Which of the two do you want me to release to you?” “Barabbas,” they answered. (27:21) “What shall I do then with Jesus who is called the Messiah?” Pilate asked. They all answered, “Crucify him!” (27:22) • Pilate released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified. (27:26)

  15. Crucifixion and Death • The Crucifixion of Jesus. (27:32-44) • They came to a place called Golgotha (which means the place of the skull) (27:33) • When they had crucified him, they divided up his clothes by casting lots. (27:35) • Two rebels were crucified with him and they too hurled insults at him. (27:38-44) • At three in the afternoon, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachtani?” (which means, “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?” (27:46) • Jesus Cried out again and gave up his spirit. (27:50) • The earth shook, rocks split and tombs broke open. (27:51-52) • “Surely he was the Son of God!” (27:54)

  16. Burial and Rising from the Dead • Pilate hands over Jesus to a disciple named Joseph to be buried. (27:57-58) • Jesus is wrapped in a linen cloth and placed in the tomb. A stone is rolled over the entrance while Mary Magdalene and the other Mary watched. (27:59-61) • Pilate places a guard on the tomb at the request of the Pharisees. (27:62-66) • Mary Magdalene and the other Mary go to look at tomb on the first day of the week and there is an earthquake. An Angel appears to them. “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified…” (28:1-7) • Jesus appears to the women. (28:9-10) • Soldiers were paid to keep quiet. (28:11-15) • Jesus appears to the Disciples and tells the to go forth and make disciples. (28:16-20)

  17. Mark • Mark is the only name ever associated with this Gospel. He is believed to be John Mark who was very close to Peter. He was the son of a wealthy family and a cousin to Barnabas who traveled with Barnabas and Paul. • Mark is presumed to have written his Gospel while Peter was still alive before the early 60’s. • The Gospel of Mark is believed to have been written in Rome. • Marks audience was the Gentiles. The fact that he traveled extensively among the with Barnabas and Paul suggests this as well as the language he uses specifically “Latinisms.”

  18. The Purpose of Mark’s Gospel Mark’s purpose for writing his Gospel was to tell the story of Jesus of Nazareth predominantly from Peter’s point of view and recollections. • Marks tries to convey just who Jesus was and the effect he had on others. • Begins his Gospel with an admonition by quoting from Isaiah. “Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for him.” (1:3) In this way Mark proclaims Jesus as Lord at the outset of his Gospel. • Marks devotes much of his Gospel to the death and resurrection of Jesus. • Marks also pays heed to Jesus self-proclaimed role as a servant. • Mark also clearly shows instances where Jesus tells the people he has healed to not tell their story to others.

  19. John the Baptist and Jesus • John the Baptist prepares the way. (1:1-8) • The Baptism and Jesus tested. (1:9-13) • Jesus calls his disciples. (1:16-20) • Jesus heals many. (1:29-34) • Jesus heals a man with leprosy. (1:40-45) “See that you don’t tell this to anyone. But go show yourself to the priest.” Jesus says. (1:44) • Jesus forgives and heals a paralyzed man. (2:1-12) • Jesus appoints the twelve. Simon called Peter, James son of Zebedee and his brother John, Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. (3:13-18)

  20. Jesus’ Parables and Stories • The parable of the sower. (4:1-20) • A lamp in a stand. (4:21-25) • The Parable of the growing seed. (4:26-29) Found only in Mark • The Parable of the Mustard Seed (4:30-34) • The yeast of the Pharisees and Herod. (8:14-21) • The way of the cross. (8:34-38) • The parable of the tenants. (12:1-12)

  21. Miracles and Works of Jesus • Jesus heals on the Sabbath. (3:1-6) • Jesus calms the storm. (4:35-41) • Jesus Restores a demon-possessed man. (5:1-20 • Jesus raises a dead girl and heals a sick woman. (5:21-43) • Jesus feeds the five thousand. (6:30-44) • Jesus walks on the water. “Take courage! It is I. Don’t be afraid.”(6:45-56) • Jesus heals a deaf and mute man. (7:31-37) • Jesus feeds the four thousand. (8:1-13) • Jesus heals a blind an at Bethsaida. (8:22-26) • Jesus heals a boy possessed by an impure spirit. (9:14-29) • Blind Bartimaeus receives his sight. (10:46-52)

  22. Jesus Predicts His Death He then began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three days rise again. (8:31) • Jesus predicts his death a second time. “The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise.” (9:30-37) • Jesus predicts his death a third time. “we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will hand him over to the Gentiles, who will mock him and spit on him, flog him and kill him. Three days later her will rise. (10:32-34)

  23. Jesus In Jerusalem • Jesus comes to Jerusalem as King. (11:1-11) • Jesus curses a fig tree and clears the temple courts. (11:12-25) • The authority of Jesus Questioned. (11:27-33) • Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar. (12:13-17) • Marriage at the resurrection. (12:18-27) • The greatest commandment (12:-34) • Whose son is the Messiah? (12:35-37) • Warnings against the teachers of the law. (12:38-44) • The destruction of the temple and the signs of the end times. (13:1-31) • Jesus anointed at Bethany. (14:1-11)

  24. The Last Supper and Peter and Judas • The Last Supper. (14:12-26) • “Take it; this is my body.” • “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many. • Jesus predicts Peter’s denial. (14:27-31) • Judas betrays Jesus and Jesus is arrested. (14:43-51) Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, “Rabbi!” and kissed him. (14:45) • Peter disowns Jesus. (14:66-72)

  25. Jesus Accused and Crucified • Jesus before the Sanhedrin. (14:53-65) “And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of Heaven.” (14:62) • Jesus before Pilate. (15:1-15) “Are you the King of the Jews?” asked Pilate. “You have said so,” Jesus replied. (15:2) • The Crucifixion of Jesus. (15:21-32) My God, My God, Why have you forsaken me?” (15:34) • With a loud cry, Jesus breathed his last. (15:37)

  26. Jesus Buried and Raised • Joseph goes to Pilate and requests Jesus’ body for burial. Wraps him in a linen cloth and places him in the tomb. (15:42-47) • Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joseph saw where he was buried. (15:47) • Jesus has risen. (16:1-8) • The stone has been rolled away. (16:4) • They saw a young man in a white robe. “Don’t be alarmed. You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified.” (16:6)

  27. Luke • Luke was a traveling companion of Paul. He is also the author of Acts. He was an educated man and most-likely a doctor. • The Gospel of Luke was probably written in the late 50’s. • A consensus has been reached as to where the Gospel of Luke was written. Some say it had to be Rome because he was with Paul during at least some of his time in Roman prisons. • The proposed intended readership of Luke is widely agreed upon as Christians with a Pagan background.

  28. The Purpose of Luke The main purpose of Luke’s gospel is to proclaim Jesus as the Messiah. The three key sections of Luke: • The events that occurred in and around Galilee • Jesus’ teaching in Judea and Perea • The final week in Jerusalem There are 28 parables and 20 miracles listed in Luke.

  29. Prophecy and Jesus Early Life • The birth of John the Baptist foretold. (1:5-25) • The birth of Jesus foretold. (1:26-38) • The Birth of John the Baptist. (1:57-66) • The birth of Jesus. (2:1-21) • An angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified. (2:9) • Jesus presented at the temple. (2:22-40) • The boy Jesus at the temple. (2:41-52)

  30. Jesus Baptized and Begins His Ministry • The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus. (3:21-38) • Now Jesus was about thirty years old when he began his ministry. (3:23) • Jesus tested in the Wilderness. (4:1-13) • Jesus rejected at Nazareth. (4:14-30)

  31. Miracles in Luke • Jesus drives out an impure spirit. (4:31-37) • Jesus heals many. (4:38-44) • Jesus heals a man with leprosy. (5:12-16) • Jesus heals and forgives a paralyzed man. (5:17-26) • The faith of the Centurion. (7:1-10) • Jesus raised a widow’s son. (7:11-17) • Jesus calms the storm. (8:22-25) • Jesus restores a demon-possessed man. (8:26-39) • Jesus raises a dead girl and heals a sick woman. (8:40-56) • Jesus feeds the five thousand. (9:10-17) • Jesus heals a demon-possessed boy. (9:37-43) • Jesus heals a cripples man on the Sabbath. (13:10-17) • Jesus heals ten men with leprosy. (17:11-19) • A blind beggar receives his sight. (18:35-43)

  32. Parables Only Found in Luke • The parable of the good Samaritan. (10:25-37) • The parable of the rich fool. (12:13-21) • The parable of the great banquet. (14:15-24) • The parable of the lost sheep. (15:1-7) • The parable of the lost coin. (15:8-10) • The parable of the lost soul. (15:11-32) • The parable of the shrewd manager. (16:1-15) • The parable of the persistent widow. (18:1-8) • The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector. (18:9-14) • The parable of the ten minas. (19:11-27)

  33. Jesus in Jerusalem • Jesus comes to Jerusalem as king. (19:28-44) • Jesus at the temple. (19:45-48) • “My house will be a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers.” (19:46) • The authority of Jesus questioned. (20:1-8) • Paying taxes to Caesar. (20:20-26) • The resurrection and the marriage. (20:27-40) • The destruction of the temple and signs of the end times. (21:38)

  34. Betrayal and the Last Supper • Judas agrees to Betray Jesus. (22:1-6) • The Last Supper. (22:7-38) • “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” (22:19) • “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.” (22:20)

  35. Arrest and Crucifixion • Jesus is arrested. (22:47-53) • Peter disowns Jesus. (22:54-62) • The Guards mock Jesus. (22:63-65) • Jesus before Pilate and Herod. (22:66-71, 23:1-25) • The crucifixion of Jesus. (23:26-43) • “Father, forgive them for they do not know what they are doing.” (23:34) • “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.” (23:43) • “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.” (23:46)

  36. Jesus Has Risen • Jesus has risen. (24:1-12) • On the road to Emmaus. (24:13-35) • Jesus appears to the disciples. (24:36-49) • The ascension of Jesus. (24:50-53)

  37. John • Traditional belief is that John, the son of Zebadee, an Apostle, is the author. However, there is a new belief that it is not John son of Zebadee but a disciple of Jesus other than John. • The date of authorship is believed to be somewhere in the 90’s. Some say as early as A.D. 70. • Ephesus is still thought to be the probable place of origin. John was known to be there later in life. • Johns assumed target audience were the Gentiles and unbelievers seeking knowledge.

  38. Purpose of John John’s Gospel goes it’s own way. John differs from the other Gospels and emphasizes things that were underdeveloped in the others. • John Begins his Gospel with a strong statement saying the Jesus is the Word and the Word was with God and is God. (1:1-18) • One of the most quoted Bible verse resides in John. “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” (3:16)

  39. John the Baptist and Jesus • John the Baptist denies being the Messiah. (1:19-28) • John Testifies about Jesus. (1:29-34) “I saw the Spirit come down from heaven as a dove and remain on him.” (1:32) • John’s Disciples follow Jesus. (1:35-42) “You are called Simon son of John. You will be called Cephas. (Peter) (1:42) • Jesus calls Philip and Nethanael. (1:43-51)

  40. Miracles • Jesus changes water into wine. (2: • Jesus heals an official’s son. (4: • The healing at the pool. (5: • Jesus feeds the five thousand. (6: • Jesus walks on the water. (6: • Jesus heals a man born blind. (9: • Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. (11: • Jesus and the miraculous catch of fish. (21:

  41. The Woman at the Well • Jesus Talks with a Samaritan woman. (4:1-26) • “If you knew the gift of God and who it is that asks you for a drink, you would have asked him and he would have given you living water.” (4:10) • “Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again, but whoever drinks the water I give them will never thirst.” (4:13-14) • The woman said, “I know that Messiah” (called Christ) “is coming. When he comes, he will explain everything to us.” (4:25) • Then Jesus declared, “I, the one speaking to you – I am he.” (4:26)

  42. Disputes Concerning Jesus • Division over who Jesus is. (7:25-44) • Unbelief of the Jewish leaders. (7:45-52) • Dispute over Jesus’ testimony. (8:12-20) • Dispute over who Jesus is. (8:21-30) • Dispute over whose children Jesus’ opponents are. (8:31-47) • Further conflict over Jesus’ claims. (10:22-42) • Belief and unbelief among the Jews. (12:37-50)

  43. Jesus’ Predictions • Jesus predicts his death. (12:20-36) • “You are going to have the light just a little while longer.” (12:35) • Jesus washes the disciples feet. (13:1-17) • Jesus predicts his betrayal. (13:18-30) • “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.” Then, dipping the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. (13:26) • Jesus predicts Peter’s denial. (13:31-38) • “Will you really lay down your life for me? Very truly I tell you, before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times” (13:38)

  44. Jesus with His Disciples • Jesus comforts his disciples. (14:1-4) • Jesus the way to the father. (14:5-14) • Jesus promises the Holy Spirit. (14:15-31) • The world hates the disciples. (15:18-25) • The work of the Holy Spirit. (15:26, 16:1-15) • The disciples grief will turn to joy. (16:16-33)

  45. Jesus Prayers and Arrest • Jesus prays to be glorified. (17:1-5) • Jesus prays for his disciples. (17:6-19) • Jesus prays for all believers. (17:20-26) • Jesus Arrested. (18:1-14) • Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s servant, cutting off his right ear. (18:10) • Peter denies Jesus three times. (18:15-18) (18:25-27) • The high priest questions Jesus. (18:19-24) • Jesus before Pilate. (18:28-40)

  46. Crucifixion and Death • Jesus sentenced to be Crucified. (19:1-16) • The Crucifixion of Jesus. (19:16-27) • So the soldiers took charge of Jesus. Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the skull. (19:16-17) • “Woman, here is your son.” and to the disciple, “Here is your mother.” (19:26-27) • “It is finished” (19:30)

  47. Jesus is Risen • The empty tomb. (20:1-10) • Mary finds the stone removed from the tomb and tells Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one Jesus loved. (20:1-2) • Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene. (20:11-18) • Jesus appears to his disciples. (20:19-23) • Jesus appears to Thomas. (20:24-29)

  48. References Elwell, W. A. & Yarbrough, R. W. (2005). Encountering the New Testament. Grand Rapids: MI, Baker Academic. Zondervan. (2011). The NIV Study Bible. Grand Rapids, MI., Author.

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