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Understanding the New Testament: Historical Context and Key Groups

gilda avatar
gilda
24 diapositives · 407 Views · Aug 07, 2014

This document provides an insightful overview of the historical and social context surrounding the New Testament. It outlines significant events like the Maccabean Revolt and the rise of the Hasmonean dynasty while detailing the four major Jewish groups during Jesus’ time: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots. The homework assignments guide readers through the study of these topics, highlighting critical prophecies and their fulfillments. The reflection section encourages personal contemplation on one’s perception of God and His role in daily life.

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  1. The New Testament: “And the Word became flesh, and dwelled among us…” John 1:14

  2. Ch. 16: The World of the New Testament

  3. Homework • (due Tues., 3/24) Read pp. 288-289(middle); NB: Intro & # I • (due Weds., 3/25) Read 289-291; NB: II-IV • (due Mon., 3/30) Read pp. 292-294(middle); NB: V-VI • (due Mon.,3/30) Read pp. 294-298(middle); NB: VII-IX

  4. Homework • (due Tues., 3/31) Read pp. 298-300; NB: X-XI • (due Thurs., 4/2) Prepare for Review • (Weds., 4/8) TEST on Ch. 16

  5. The Prophecies Fulfilled • Maccabean revolt (167-160 B.C.) won Jewish independence • 4 major results of revolt?? (#1) • Hasmonean dynasty(134-63B.C.)

  6. The Prophecies Fulfilled • John Hyrcanus I • High Priest-King in Hasmonean line • 134-104B.C. • Conquered all former territory in Israel (#2) • Forced all non-Jews to be circumcised or leave (ouch!)-why? • Sign of being fully Jewish • “Cleansed” nation of pagan influence (#3-4)

  7. The Prophecies Fulfilled • Aristobulus (104-103B.C.), next High Priest declared himself king… some thought him Messiah, but… • not in line of David • Israel became divided over who would be Messiah… (#5)

  8. Judaism in Jesus’ time: 4 Major Groups • Pharisees • Sadducees • Essenes • Zealots

  9. Pharisees • “separate” or “pious” ones • most influential group • laymen/ not official clergy • focus: • Strict living of Law(Torah) • No compromise w/ gentiles (Romans) (#7-9) • Expected MESSIAH WHO STRICLY TAUGHT THE LAW

  10. Sadducees • Priestly aristocracy (high priests) • Concerned w/ Temple practices/ worship • Generally wealthy/establishment • Politics: supported Hasmoneans/Romans (#10) • Expected HIGH PRIESTLY MESSIAH

  11. Essenes • Monastic community • Lived in desert around Dead Sea • Believed Jerusalem priesthood and worship were impure • Focus: pure living of Law • Apocalyptic group: awaited a New Age/ Kingdom of God • Expected SPIRITUAL/OTHER-WORLDLY MESSIAH

  12. Zealots • “sicarii” (“dagger-carriers”) • hated foreign Roman rule • basically, terrorists: use of violence, etc. • Kingdom of God by force • Led revolts against Rome (66-70; 132-135 AD) • Expected MILITARY “BIN-LADIN”-LIKE MESSIAH

  13. …and you??? • Reflect & write on: • What is your “image” of God? Who is God for you/in your life? • What role do you honestly expect God to play in your daily life/in the world? • Is that expectation fair? Why/why not?

  14. After the Maccabees • (#11) • Israel divided into factions • Eventually conquered by Romans in 63 B.C. • Herod the Great installed as “puppet” king in 40 B.C.

  15. Herod the Great • Ruled from c. 40-4 B.C. • Beseiged Jerusalem w/ 60,000 Roman troops • Called “the Great” > economic prosperity under his reign (#12-14)

  16. “Fullness of Time” • Pax Romana: • Roman “peace”/order from Augustus> 5th c. • Benefits? (#15) • Why the “fullness of time” for Christ’s coming?

  17. Religion in Roman Empire • (# 16) • Romans tolerated any religion, if • Obedience • Taxes!! • Some idea of God thru philosophy (#17-18)

  18. Spread of Jewish Religion • 3 Key factors: • Jews lived throughout empire • The Septuagint (LXX) • The rise of synagogues

  19. Spread of Jewish Religion • Jews were spread throughout Roman empire (#19-20) • Popularity of Judaism • Prepared “the Nations” for coming of the Christ

  20. Spread of Jewish Religion • The Septuagint or LXX made God’s revelation known throughout Greek & Roman empires (#21)

  21. Spread of Jewish Religion • Synagogue had replaced Temple as center of Jewish life • Why? (#22) • How connected to our Christian worship? (#23)

  22. Proselytes of the Gate • Judaism very popular in Roman empire- why? • Who were they? (#24) • They were more ready to “receive the Christian message- why? (#25)

  23. Judea and Galilee • After Babylonian exile, people re-settled • Mostly in south, around Jerusalem (former Judah > Judea • Some in north, into Galilee (w/in former “Israel”) (#27) • Trouble w/ Palestine for Rome? (#26)

  24. The Samaritans • (#28) • Ethnically mixed (w/ pagan peoples) • Worshipped the One God but differently • Other Samaritan… stuff (#29-32)