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Communicable Disease Education

Communicable Disease Education. Overview. Introduction Infectious Communicable Diseases Definition Manifestation Transmission Exposure Protection Decontamination Exposure Procedure. Infectious Disease. A disease caused by the growth of disease causing microorganisms in the body.

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Communicable Disease Education

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  1. Communicable DiseaseEducation

  2. Overview • Introduction • Infectious • Communicable • Diseases • Definition • Manifestation • Transmission • Exposure Protection • Decontamination • Exposure Procedure

  3. Infectious Disease • A disease caused by the growth of disease causing microorganisms in the body. • May or may not be contagious

  4. Four Types of Infectious Agents • Bacteria • Virus • Fungus • Parasites

  5. Communicable Disease • Transmitted readily from one person to another either directly or indirectly. • Or from animal to human (zoonotic)

  6. Exposure/Routes of Infection • Percutaneously • Mucocutaneously • Airborne • Breast Feeding

  7. Diseases • HIV • Hepatitis • Tuberculosis • Influenza • Meningitis • MRSA

  8. Diseases • Shingles • C. diff • Whooping Cough • Rubella • V.R.E.

  9. HIV HIV is the virus which causes AIDS by damaging a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases.

  10. HIVManifestation • Within a few weeks of being infected with HIV, some people develop flu-like symptoms that last for a week or two, but others have no symptoms at all. • AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection, when a person’s immune system is severely damaged and has difficulty fighting diseases and certain cancers.

  11. HIVTransmission Contact with infectious blood, semen, and other body fluids from having sex with an infected person, sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs, or from an infected mother to her newborn.

  12. Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver and also refers to a group of viral infections that affect the liver . The most common types are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.

  13. HepatitisManifestation Hepatitis A Is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis A virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months.

  14. HepatitisManifestation Hepatitis B Ranges in severity from a mild illness, lasting a few weeks (acute), to a serious long-term (chronic) illness that can lead to liver disease or liver cancer.

  15. HepatitisManifestation Hepatitis C Sometimes results in an acute illness, but most often becomes a chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.

  16. HepatitisTransmission Hepatitis A Ingestion of fecal matter, even in microscopic amounts, from close person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or drinks.

  17. HepatitisTransmission Hepatitis B Contact with infectious blood, semen, and other body fluids from having sex with an infected person, sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs, or from an infected mother to her newborn.

  18. HepatitisTransmission Hepatitis C Contact with the blood of an infected person, primarily through sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs.

  19. Tuberculosis Is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain.

  20. TuberculosisManifestation - a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer - pain in the chest - coughing up blood or sputum- weakness or fatigue - weight loss - no appetite - chills - fever - sweating at night

  21. TuberculosisTransmission TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.

  22. Influenza A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.

  23. InfluenzaManifestation • Fever* or feeling feverish/chills • Cough • Sore throat • Runny or stuffy nose • Muscle or body aches • Headaches • Fatigue (tiredness) • Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. • * It's important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.

  24. InfluenzaTransmission People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away. Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose.

  25. Meningitis A disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is also referred to as spinal meningitis.

  26. MeningitisManifesation • Meningitis infection is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck. It is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as • Nausea • Vomiting • Photophobia (sensitivity to light) • Altered mental status

  27. MeningitisTransmission Bacterial meningitis is contagious. The bacteria are spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions (for example, through coughing or kissing). Viral meningitis is contagious. The viruses that most often cause viral meningitis are spread person to person through fecal contamination (such as by someone who uses the toilet or changes a baby’s diaper and does not wash her/his hands well afterward).

  28. MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics called beta-lactams.

  29. MRSAManifestation In the community, most MRSA infections are skin infections that may appear as pustules or boils which often are red, swollen, painful, or have pus or other drainage. They often first look like spider bites or bumps that are red, swollen, and painful.

  30. MRSAManifestation MRSA in healthcare settings usually causes more severe and potentially life-threatening infections, such as bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, or pneumonia. The signs and symptoms will vary by the type and stage of the infection.

  31. MRSA

  32. MRSATransmission • Skin infections enters the body through an opening in the skin. • Respiratory MRSA is spread through droplets from coughing, sneezing or speaking.

  33. Shingles Is a painful skin rash caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). VZV is the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays in the body. Usually the virus does not cause any problems; however, the virus can reappear years later, causing shingles.

  34. ShinglesManifestation • Shingles usually starts as a rash on one side of the face or body. The rash starts as blisters that scab after 3 to 5 days. The rash usually clears within 2 to 4 weeks. • Before the rash develops, there is often pain, itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. Other symptoms of shingles can include fever, headache, chills, and upset stomach.

  35. Shingles

  36. ShinglesTransmission Shingles cannot be passed from one person to another. However, the virus that causes shingles, VZV, can be spread from a person with active shingles to a person who has never had chickenpox through direct contact with the rash. The person exposed would develop chickenpox, not shingles. The virus is not spread through sneezing, coughing or casual contact. A person with shingles can spread the disease when the rash is in the blister-phase.

  37. C. diff Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that may develop due to the prolonged use of antibiotics during healthcare treatment.

  38. C. DiffManifestation • watery diarrhea • fever • loss of appetite • nausea • abdominal pain/tenderness

  39. C. DiffTransmission Clostridium difficile is shed in feces. Any surface, device, or material (e.g., commodes, bathing tubs, and electronic rectal thermometers) that becomes contaminated with feces may serve as a reservoir for the Clostridium difficile spores. Clostridium difficile spores are transferred to patients mainly via the hands of healthcare personnel who have touched a contaminated surface or item.

  40. Whooping Cough Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It is caused by the bacterium Bordetellapertussis.

  41. Whooping CoughManifestation Pertussis is known for uncontrollable, violent coughing which often makes it hard to breathe. After fits of many coughs, someone with pertussis often needs to take deep breathes which result in a "whooping" sound. Pertussis most commonly affects infants and young children and can be fatal, especially in babies less than 1 year of age.

  42. Whooping CoughTransmission People with pertussis usually spread the disease by coughing or sneezing while in close contact with others, who then breathe in the pertussis bacteria.

  43. Rubella An acute viral disease that causes fever and rash.

  44. RubellaManifestation Rash and fever for two to three days (mild disease in children and young adults)

  45. RubellaTransmission Spread by contact with an infected person, through coughing and sneezing

  46. VRE Enteroccocci are bacteria that are normally present in the human intestines and in the female genital tract and are often found in the environment. These bacteria can sometimes cause infections. Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is used to treat some drug-resistant infections caused by enterococci. In some instances, enterococci have become resistant to this drug and thus are called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Most VRE infections occur in hospitals.

  47. V.R.E.Manifestation VRE can live in the human intestines and female genital tract without causing disease (often called colonization). However, sometimes it can cause infections of the urinary tract, the bloodstream, or of wounds associated with catheters or surgical procedures.

  48. V.R.E.Transmission VRE is often passed from person to person by the contaminated hands of caregivers. VRE can get onto a caregiver's hands after they have contact with other people with VRE or after contact with contaminated surfaces. VRE can also be spread directly to people after they touch surfaces that are contaminated with VRE. VRE is not spread through the air by coughing or sneezing.

  49. Exposure Protection Consider ANY patient’s blood or body fluid to be infectious !

  50. Exposure Protection Gloves : All Fire/Rescue personnel MUST don appropriate protective gloves PRIOR to arrival at the scene of any EMS incident • anytime you could possibly contact body fluids • during extrications, wear under heavy gloves • while decontaminating &/or disinfecting

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