1. Make Your Visuals Visible  From the Back Row Adapted from Audiovisual Notes From Kodak, Publication V9-2-2-5 Dr. Warren C. Weber

2. Legibility of Projected Slides Three Keys: • Type Size and Style • Contrast • Simplicity Dr. Warren C. Weber

3. Type Style •Use upper and lower case (not ALL CAPS). It's the style of most of what we read! •Avoid stylized type and special effects unless there is a specific goal in mind •Limit the number of fonts, styles, and sizes in any one visual Dr. Warren C. Weber

4. Type Style Style—Font and Effect Style—Font and Effect Style—Font and Effect Style—Font and Effect Style—Font and Effectt Style—Font and Effect Dr. Warren C. Weber

5. Type Size Affects Readability Dr. Warren C. Weber

6. Contrast and Color • Good contrast—lines and background • Choose correct colors for contrast and emphasis •Background—darker colors •Type—lighter colors • Avoid bright colors for secondary items • Combinations—some colors clash • Bright blues & reds—hard for eyes to focus • Minimize the number of colors (5-6) • Follow common uses of color (red = loss) Dr. Warren C. Weber

7. Size is Relative How large the lettering appears to the viewer depends on two factors: 1. How large it is on the screen 2. How far the screen is from the viewer Screen Dr. Warren C. Weber

8. Determining Size of Type •No smaller than 1/25 of the height of the screen (area being copied) •35mm slide—(6 x 9 inch format) equals 6 x 1/25 = 1/4 inch •Overhead transparency—(8 x 10.5 inch format) equals 10.5 x 1/25 = .42 inch •Lettering and line weight—must be sufficiently bold Dr. Warren C. Weber

9. The "8H" Rule • Projection should be easily legible to viewers eight times the height of the image •Four-foot-high image—audience can be up to 32 feet away (4 x 8 = 32) Dr. Warren C. Weber

10. Previewing Copy • Use the "8-H" Rule to preview copy before making transparencies • View the copy from 8 times its height • View 10-inch-high artwork at 80 inches • This will reveal how it will look to the farthest row of the audience. • If it is clearly readable from there, the material should be adequately visible. Dr. Warren C. Weber

11. Video Legibility • Some viewers may be 15 to 20 feet away from a 19-inch screen • Lettering should be twice as large as for "8-H" rule—1/12 screen height • Key points should be 1/6 or 1/4 screen height • Video resolution is lower than slides— not as sharp Dr. Warren C. Weber

12. Simple to Complex When necessary to show much detail or complex material— 1. Show a small amount at one time 2. Show simpler material first 3. This approach works for text and diagrams Dr. Warren C. Weber

13. Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series • Keeps audience in step with speaker Dr. Warren C. Weber

14. Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series • Keeps audience in step with speaker •Reveals new items one at a time Dr. Warren C. Weber

15. Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series • Keeps audience in step with speaker • Reveals new items one at a time • Builds up list to review previous points Dr. Warren C. Weber

16. Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series • Keeps audience in step with speaker • Reveals new items one at a time • Builds up list to review previous points • Can be used for summary at end Dr. Warren C. Weber

17. Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series • Keeps audience in step with speaker • Reveals new items one at a time • Builds up list to review previous points • Can be used for summary at end Dr. Warren C. Weber

18. Is a Detailed Blueprint Necessary? Dr. Warren C. Weber

19. Or, Can a Simple Block Diagram Help the Audience "Read" the Figure? Simpler is Better!!! Dr. Warren C. Weber