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Tagging Models

Tagging Models. MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II.

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Tagging Models

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  1. Tagging Models MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II

  2. “Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery manager’s tools for assessing fish populations. Conducted properly, tagging can yield a wealth of information, including data about movement patterns, population structure, and mortality rates.”1 • When marking fish – think about the reason for marking. • Identifying an individual fish or a group of fish? • Will the mark affect the fish’s behavior or increase mortality? • What are the chances that the tag will be lost or misidentified? • There are a variety of tagging and marking methods available. 1. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: http://www.fishtag.info/index.htm

  3. Tagging and Marking Methods • Biological(Natural Methods) • Parasitic Marks • Morphological Marks • Genetic Marks • Chemical • Methods • Immersion • Injection • Feeding • Physical(Mutilation or Tags) • External • Mutilation • Tags • Internal • Tags

  4. Physical Methods • Mutilation – Clipping or punching fins or other body parts which can later be used to identify individuals. • Branding – Uses hot or cold instruments against the body of a fish in order to produce an identifiable mark for recognition.

  5. Physical Methods • Tags – Internal and External Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: http://www.fishtag.info/index.htm

  6. Physical: Common Tag Types • Internal • Thermal Tags • Micro-tags • Coded Wire Tags • Subcutaneous Tags • Body Cavity Tags • Passive Integrated Transponder Tags (PIT) • Radio Tags • Sonar Tags • DST GPS Fish Tag • Data Storage Tag (DST) • Global Positioning System (GPS) • External • Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) • Paper Fasteners • Strap Tags • Dart /Anchor/ Streamer Tags • Spaghetti Tags • Dangler Tags • Carlin Tags • Disc Tags • Petersen Discs • Carlin Tags • Specialized Electronic Tags • Pop-off Satellite Tag (PSAT) • Global Positioning System (GPS)

  7. Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) VIE Tag

  8. Strap Tags Occasionally referred to as Opercle Tags

  9. Dart/Anchor/Streamer Tags A tagged red drum, about to be released.

  10. Disc Tags Petersen Disc tag below the dorsal fin of a warmouth. Carlin darter tag attached to a walleye.

  11. Physical Methods • External • Advantages • Can be seen without dissection of the fish. • Many allow for individual recognition. • Inexpensive. • Disadvantages • Can cause higher mortality by: • Attracting predators. • Interfere with locomotion. • Make the organism more susceptible to disease and infection.

  12. Physical: Common Tag Types • Internal • Thermal Tags • Microtags • Coded Wire Tags • Subcutaneous Tags (VIE) • Body Cavity Tags • Passive Integrated Transponder Tags (PIT) • Acoustic Tags • Radio Tags • Sonar Tags • DST GPS Fish Tag • Data Storage Tag (DST) • Archival Tags • Global Positioning System (GPS) • External • Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) • Paper Fasteners • Strap Tags • Dart /Anchor/ Streamer Tags • Spaghetti Tags • Dangler Tags • Carlin Tags • Disc Tags • Petersen Discs • Carlin Tags • Specialized Tags • Pop-off Satellite Tag (PSAT) • Global Positioning System (GPS)

  13. Coded Wire Tag A small piece of wire injected into juvenile fish using small applicators or by hand.

  14. Body Cavity Tags VEMCO acoustic transmitters. Various body cavity tags generally require “in the field” surgical implantation.

  15. Specialized Tags Tethered Acoustic Tag Pop-off Satellite Archival Tags. (PSAT)

  16. Physical Methods • Internal • Advantages • Do not protrude from the body. • Do not require removal of parts of the fish. • Non-toxic and may put less stress on the fish compared to other tagging methods. • Can be inexpensive. *see disadvantages • Disadvantages • Can be expensive. *see advantages • Trained personnel are necessary. • Recovery is difficult.

  17. Electronic Tags • Passive Integrated Transponding Tags (PIT) • Inserted using a veterinary syringe. • Decoded with portable hand-held readers or automatic readers. • Tag detection range is very short.

  18. Electronic Tags • Continuously Transmitting Radio and Acoustic Tags • Larger than PIT tags – require an internal battery. • Accurate geo-location is possible by a variety of methods. • Attachment of the tag can be internal or external. • The detection range is generally less than 100 meters. • May extend to a kilometer in some instances.

  19. Continuously Transmitting Radio and Acoustic Tags • Pulsed Tags • Radio tags. • Non-programmable pulsed radio tags. • Programmable pulsed radio tags. • Acoustic tags. • Non-programmable pulsed acoustic tags. • Combined Acoustic and Radio Tags (CART) • Hybrid tag: combines components of both radio & acoustic tags. • Allow individual fish to be tracked between salt and freshwater. • Coded tags • Coded radio tags • Coded acoustic tags

  20. Electronic Tags • Transponding Acoustic Tags • Transmit an acoustic signal only when they receive an interrogation pulse from a sonar. • Size of tag varies according to frequency and range. • Can be used for physical or physiological data telemetry. • Data Storage Tags (DST’s) • Also known as Archival Tags. • Some tags can record data for up to 5 years and store the information for up to 20 years. • To retrieve the information, the tags must be recovered from the fish. • High cost of the tags are offset by the enormous amount of data that can be generated from a single tagged animal.

  21. VEMCO VR2W Positioning System (VPS) • VEMCO Telemetry • Local Surveys and Results • Cape Fear River Watch – Striped Bass • Cape Fear River - Shad

  22. Underwater-Tagging Equipment (UTE’s) • Motivation • Be able to tag fish, in situ, underwater. • The tagging equipment presents an alternative for tagging many deep-sea species in their natural environment without subjecting them to the hazardous journey from deep water to the surface. • Can be operated in conjunction with a midwater or demersal trawl. • Electronic data storage tags (DST’s) are typically used.

  23. Underwater-Tagging Equipment (UTE’s)

  24. Underwater-Tagging Equipment (UTE’s) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtQD6BhSBIg Recaptured redfish. The spaghetti tag indicates the position of the tag inside the fish.

  25. Future Trends? • Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV’s – Underwater Gliders) • Gliders can be programmed to follow tagged fish. • Gliders can cover large distances. • Less expensive than using a ship or sets of hydrophones. • Field tests have already been proven successful.

  26. Suppliers / Costs • Biomark • Fish Tagger • Floy Tag • Microwave Telemetry, INC. • Northwest Marine Technology, INC. • Weetags

  27. VEMCO Glossary • Bluetooth USB Adapter: A physical device that attaches to the PC USB port and enables your PC to communicate wirelessly to the VR2W receiver. • Code Map: Collection of code spaces that define the types of transmitters the receiver can detect. • Code Space: New nomenclature for VEMCO tags which provides unambiguous description of the coding parameters for that tag type. • UTC: Co-ordinated Universal Time is a world wide standard for time, sometimes referred to as Greenwich Mean Time. VUE configures VEMCO receivers in UTC time. • VRL files: Binary file format for VEMCO Receiver data logs read from VEMCO receivers. • VUE: VEMCO User Environment PC Receiver software from VEMCO. • VUE Database: A collection of imported VRL files. VRL files are all that is needed to recreate a database or to create other databases.

  28. Bibliographic Citations • “About Tagging” Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. 22 April, 2011. 15 June, 2012. http://www.fishtag.info/aboutTagging.htm • Bridger, C.J., Booth, R.K. “The Effects of Biotelemetry Transmitter Presence and Attachment Procedures on Fish Physiology and Behavior.” Reviews in Fisheries Science 11 (1) (2003): 13-34 • “Fish Tagging and Marking Techniques” Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2009. 15 June, 2012. http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/Fish_Tagging_Marking_Techniques.shtml • Gibbons, J. Whitfield, Andrews, Kimberly M. “PIT Tagging: Simple Technology at Its Best.” BioScience 54, (2004): 447-454 • “Making Waves in Acoustic Telemetry” VEMCO. 2011. 13 June, 2012. http://www.vemco.com/index.php • Thorsteinn, S. “In situ tagging of deep-sea redfish: application of an underwater fish-tagging system.” Oxford Journals, ICES J. Mar. Sci. (2006) 63 (3):523-531.doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.05.023 • Thorsteinsson, V. “Tagging Methods for Stock Assessment and Research in Fisheries.” Report of Concerted Action FAIR – Marine Research Institute Technical Report (79). 2002: 26-81

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