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INDIAN POMFRET FISHERY

INDIAN POMFRET FISHERY. B.Sc.-II Sem-III Paper-VII. Dr. Shivaji G. Jetithor Department of Fishery Science Yashwantrao Chavan College, Tuljapur. POMFRETS. ORDER : Perciformes SUB ORDER : Stromateoidei FAMILY : Stromateidae.

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INDIAN POMFRET FISHERY

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  1. INDIAN POMFRET FISHERY B.Sc.-II Sem-III Paper-VII Dr. Shivaji G. Jetithor Department of Fishery Science Yashwantrao Chavan College, Tuljapur

  2. POMFRETS ORDER : Perciformes SUB ORDER : Stromateoidei FAMILY : Stromateidae • They are highly relished table-fishes in internal and export markets and command high unit value. • Distribution up to the depth of 150 m. • 47303 tonnes (4% of total landing )

  3. Pampus argenteus SYNONYM : Stromateus linereus NAMES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES English : Silver pomfret Gujarati : Vichuda, paplet Tamil : Vella, volvel Telugu : Tella, chanduva Bengali : Chandi Malayalam : Aboli Kannada : Manji, thondriti

  4. Silver Pomfrets

  5. Silver Pomfrets

  6. SHORT DESCRIPTION • Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed • Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines with anterior and posterior points • Pelvic fins absent , Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper , Fins are faintly yellow; vertical fins with dark edges. • Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly, with small black dots all over the body

  7. Pampus chinensis NAMES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES English : Whitepomfret Gujarati : Paplet, Pthu,Kafri Marathi : Saranga, khalwad, kapri Tamil : Mogang, Vovel Telugu : Chamba Malayalam : Vella, Avoli

  8. SHORT DESCRIPTION • Body firm, very deep, compressed. • Scales very small, cycloid, and deciduous, barely extending onto fin bases. • Lateral line high, following dorsal profile onto caudal peduncle. • Grayish to brownish dorsally, silvery white on sides.Covered in dark pigment spots. • Fins silvery to grayish, darkest distally.

  9. Parastromateus niger SYNONYM : Apolectus niger(Block) NAMES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES English : Black pomfret Gujarati : Halwa, Adadiya Tamil : Karwnvaval Telugu : Thella, Chanduva, Nallachandura Malayalam : Karu, Abhuli, Aboli, Vallavoli

  10. SHORT DESCRIPTION • Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. • Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. • Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. • The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish

  11. GENERAL BIOLOGY

  12. Fish prices skyrocket in Navi Mumbai, pomfret at Rs 5000 for 3kg Pomfret catch has reduced and its demand has increased.. A sudden rise in fish prices left residents reeling when vendors quoted an eye watering Rs 5,000 for a pair of pomfret weighing 3kg. Times of India 27th October 2014

  13. FOOD AND FEEDING • Copepods and other smaller crustaceans • Thaliaceans and Hydromedusae (Pampus argenteus) • Seasonal fluctuations shows some variations in component (based on availability) • Feeding intensity was more during mature and maturing stages of the gonads • Black pomfret, (Salps - Jasis, Zonaria, Pagea , Salpa, and Thalia spp.(42.8%)). • Crustaceans ( Prawns,Acetes, Lucifer, Mysids, Ostacods, Copepods, Zoea, and Megalopa etc (8.8%)).

  14. MATURITY • Gonads can be distinguished at the time of 15 cm and more in length. • Ovary • two small, compact lobes: wine coloured and united at anterior end • Testes • as two thin, long strips of tissue, white in colour.

  15. SEX AND FECUNDITY • Sexes are separate. • Eventhough can’t be distinguished from external characters. • Number of eggs varies with size of ovary. • Observation for P.argenteus • 1)65,702 eggs - 278mm sized ovary. • 2)171794 - 320mm sized ovary • P.niger fecundity - 12558-79200 ova

  16. SEX RATIO • Equal distribution of sexes. • In 15-25cm group males and females were more or less equal. Males were predominant, • About twice as many as the females in the 25-35cm.while in size group 45-55cm ,there were no males at all. • Females predominated during august to October. • Males were predominated in April-May.

  17. SPAWNING SEASON • Black pomfret • Spawning starts from July and continued till October (peak in August-September). • Silver pomfret • Maharashtra ( October – December), Gujarat (February – august ) and East coast ( January – February).

  18. FISHERIES

  19. TABLE 1:POMFRET LANDING 2011,2012 COMPARISON

  20. STATEWISE LANDINGS

  21. MAHARASHTRA • 3903t (1777t-gillnet(46%), 975t-trawl, 872t-dolnet, 279t-purse seine) • 13% decline than previous year • P.argenteus dominant in gillnet (95%) and dolnet (97%) • P.niger dominant in trawl net • Size range • gill net - 110-300mm • trawl net -80-310mm • It can be noted that by trawl more juveniles are caught, It damages stock

  22. GUJARAT • 7039t (trawls and gill netters) • 6.81% than 2011(0.38kg/hr) • Highest in multiday trawl-45.27% • Multiday gill netter -33.5% • Out board gill netter - 13.49% • Multi day dol netter -6.2% • Major caught – P.argenteus-86.30%, P.niger -11.24%, P.chinensis-2.38% • Length range - 90-320 mm • Mean length - 193.17mm

  23. LAKSHADWEEP AND KERALA • 1587t (1.2% of demersal) • Increased 7.6% than 2011 • Silver pomfret - Trawlers (71.6)% • Chinese pomfret - non-mechanized (negligible) • Almost all nets major P.argenteus KARNATAKA & GOA • P.niger - 1161t(september peak) • P.argenteus-909 (september peak)

  24. TAMILNADU • Total landing 5177t(2% of total demersal) • Silver-84.1% • Black-15.3% • Chinese-.6% • But in Chennai (niger - 84.6%, argenteus-12.2%, chinensis 3.2%)

  25. ANDHRAPRADESH • 12255t • P.niger - 8086t (65.98%) • P.chinensis - 615t • P.argenteus - 3554t • By mechanised trawls - 7592t(61.95%) • 1.5kgper/ hr(2012) decreased by 25% ;ie in 2011-2kg/hr ODISHA • 3861t (more or less equal by black and silver)

  26. CRAFT AND GEAR Gear: the two main gears - surface drift gill net and bottom drift gill net (30-50 m). they are also caught in trawl net, dol net, Craft:generally pomfret fishery is carried out in gill netter boat with OBM, IBM and trawlers of standard size

  27. PRODUCTION TREND • 1951-55- 13,600t • 1981-85- 47,200t • 1986-90- 38,300t • 1991-95- 40,200t • 1996-99- 41,000t • Fluctuation-1.7% - 3.1%

  28. DEPTH WISE LANDINGS • Northeast coast - occur in depth range of 20-75 m with higher catch in between 20-40 m and from 70-75 m. • The catch was poor from 45-65 m depth. • The high yield in shallow and deeper waters and low yield in the zones of moderate depth indicates their possible migration from deeper to shallow areas and vice versa.

  29. SPECIES COMPOSITION • Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus - 62.5%), • Black pomfrets(Parastromateus niger =Apolectus niger = Formio niger - 34.5%) and • Chinese pomfret (Pampus chinensis – 2.98%). • Maharashtra , Gujarat , Orissa and Andhra Pradesh (Silver pomfret) • Maharashtra,Gujarat, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (Black pomfret) • Karnataka (Chinese pomfret –minor fishery)

  30. LENGTH COMPOSITION • P.argenteus landed at Mumbai by trawl (51-319 mm) (mean size125.7 mm) • Gill net (71-349 mm) (mean size of188.7 mm). • Drift net (110-360 mm) • Dolnet(15-299 mm) FISHING SEASON • September - May.

  31. CONSERVATION • As fishery had collapsed in the north west coast during the 1990’s, • Restriction of dol net operations to minimize recruitment – overfishing • Regulation of gill-nets to minimize the growth - overfishing • Regulation in mesh size is necessary to preserve stock.

  32. CONCLUSION • They are highly relished table fishes in internal and export markets and command high commercial value. • The annual average capture of 38,000 tonnes forming about 2% of all India marine fisheries. • Most of their production from Gujarat and Maharashtra in the North West and Orissa in the northeast coast. • The principal gear exploiting adult pomfrets are drift gill nets of 140-155 mm mesh size while dol net exploits essentially juveniles in the North West coast.

  33. REFERENCES Dholakia, A.D.2004.Fisheries and aquatic resources of India . Daya publishing house(Delhi) Hand book of fisheries and aquaculture.2010.ICAR Jhingran, V.G. 1974.Fishand fisheries of India.Hindustan publishing co.(India) www.fishbase.com [VIEWED ON 12/11/2013] www.biosearch.com[ VIEWED ON 12/11/2013] http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/9465/1/CMFRI_Annual_Report_2012-13.pdf[ VIEWED ON 5/2/2014]

  34. THANK YOU

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