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Understanding ATP and Photosynthesis: Energy in Organisms and the Conversion of Light to Sugar

This section explores the critical roles of ATP and photosynthesis in living organisms. Autotrophs like plants and algae produce their own energy, primarily through the synthesis of ATP from glucose. We delineate the chemical structure of ATP, highlighting its role in energy transfer, while noting that it is not used for energy storage. The process of photosynthesis is detailed, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions that occur in chloroplasts. Understanding these processes reveals how plants utilize sunlight to create energy-rich glucose while releasing oxygen.

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Understanding ATP and Photosynthesis: Energy in Organisms and the Conversion of Light to Sugar

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Section 4-1 Chemical Energy and ATP

  2. Organisms are classified according to their energy usage: • Autotrophs– make their own food. • Ex. Plants & algae

  3. ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate ATP is the energy molecule used by the cell.

  4. Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine- Nitrogen Base 3 Phosphates (tri = 3) Ribose: 5-carbon Sugar

  5. ADP • Adenosine Diphosphate is ADP • ADP has the same structure as ATP, except it only has 2 phosphates.

  6. ADP-ATP Cycle Diagram

  7. ATP Facts • ATP is good to transfer energy in the cell, but not to store energy. • Cells depend on the sugar, glucose, for stored energy. • Cells then convert glucose into ATP as needed.

  8. Section 4-2 Photosynthesis Overview

  9. Photosynthesis Defined • Plants use energy from sunlight to convert water and CO2into glucose, releasing oxygen as a by-product. • The chemical equation of photosynthesis is: Light 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  10. Requirements of photosynthesis • Pigments are light absorbing compounds. Some are found in plant leaves and stems. • Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy. • In plants, chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts.

  11. Section 4-2 Overview of Photosynthesis

  12. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of the plant cell. • A chloroplast has two primary areas. • Grana are stacks of thylakoid membranes. • Stroma is the fluid surrounding the membranes.

  13. Diagram of a chloroplast

  14. Two Stages of Photosynthesis • Light-dependent reactions- need light and occur in the grana and thylakoid membranesof the chloroplast. • Light-independent reactions- does not need light and occurs in the stroma. (AKA – the Calvin Cycle)

  15. Light Dependent Reactions • take place in thylakoids • water and sunlight are needed • chlorophyll absorbs energy • energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to light-independent reactions • oxygen is released

  16. Electron Transport System

  17. The END PRODUCTS of the light reactions • NADPH • ATP • Oxygen (released)

  18. Light Independent Reactions • take place in stroma • needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere • use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical reactions

  19. Light and Dark reactions combined

  20. The END PRODUCTS of the light independent reactions • Sugar (C6H12O6)

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