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Section 4-1

Section 4-1. Chemical Energy and ATP. Organisms are classified according to their energy usage:. Autotrophs – make their own food. Ex. Plants & algae. ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate. ATP is the energy molecule used by the cell. Chemical Structure of ATP. Adenine - Nitrogen Base.

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Section 4-1

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  1. Section 4-1 Chemical Energy and ATP

  2. Organisms are classified according to their energy usage: • Autotrophs– make their own food. • Ex. Plants & algae

  3. ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate ATP is the energy molecule used by the cell.

  4. Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine- Nitrogen Base 3 Phosphates (tri = 3) Ribose: 5-carbon Sugar

  5. ADP • Adenosine Diphosphate is ADP • ADP has the same structure as ATP, except it only has 2 phosphates.

  6. ADP-ATP Cycle Diagram

  7. ATP Facts • ATP is good to transfer energy in the cell, but not to store energy. • Cells depend on the sugar, glucose, for stored energy. • Cells then convert glucose into ATP as needed.

  8. Section 4-2 Photosynthesis Overview

  9. Photosynthesis Defined • Plants use energy from sunlight to convert water and CO2into glucose, releasing oxygen as a by-product. • The chemical equation of photosynthesis is: Light 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  10. Requirements of photosynthesis • Pigments are light absorbing compounds. Some are found in plant leaves and stems. • Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy. • In plants, chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts.

  11. Section 4-2 Overview of Photosynthesis

  12. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of the plant cell. • A chloroplast has two primary areas. • Grana are stacks of thylakoid membranes. • Stroma is the fluid surrounding the membranes.

  13. Diagram of a chloroplast

  14. Two Stages of Photosynthesis • Light-dependent reactions- need light and occur in the grana and thylakoid membranesof the chloroplast. • Light-independent reactions- does not need light and occurs in the stroma. (AKA – the Calvin Cycle)

  15. Light Dependent Reactions • take place in thylakoids • water and sunlight are needed • chlorophyll absorbs energy • energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to light-independent reactions • oxygen is released

  16. Electron Transport System

  17. The END PRODUCTS of the light reactions • NADPH • ATP • Oxygen (released)

  18. Light Independent Reactions • take place in stroma • needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere • use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical reactions

  19. Light and Dark reactions combined

  20. The END PRODUCTS of the light independent reactions • Sugar (C6H12O6)

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