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Risk Assessment of GMOs in Food, Clothing, and Biofuel Production

This article by Monroe, Grond, Skoglund, and Svanberg assesses the risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food, clothing, and biofuel sectors. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of GMOs, their ecological consequences, and the relative risks of different crops. Benefits include reduced costs, higher yields, enhanced nutritional value, and less pesticide use. However, potential risks involve ecological impacts and species interactions, underscoring the complexity of GMO implementation and its implications for human health and the environment.

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Risk Assessment of GMOs in Food, Clothing, and Biofuel Production

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  1. GMO’s A risk assessment of genetical modification in food,clothes and biofuel production M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  2. Introduction • GMO = genes added to genome of organism through transformation • GM used in: • Food/clothes -> crops + animals • Biofuel -> crops + bacteria • Benefits / Risks • Ecology • Human health M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  3. Use GM increasing M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  4. Objectives • Discuss: • Advantages/disadvantages GM in: • Food/Clothes • Biofuel • Ecological consequences • Not discussing: • Animals • Ethics M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  5. Ideal GMO Features: • No hybridisation • Contained expression • Vector removal • Harmless gene product • Stable genetic construct M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  6. Hybridization • Non-transgenic field population • wild population • cross species • Requirements: • Flowering time • Close • Genetic compatibility M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  7. High risk: Sugar beet White clover Scots pine Apple Rye grass Lucerne Poplar Cabbage Carrot Plum Minimal risk: Potato Wheat Tomato Maize Broad bean Pea Cucumber Sunflower Spruce Grapes Strawberry Douglas fir Relative risk of cross-pollination from crops to wild relatives Low risk: Oilseed rape Flax Barley Blackcurrant Lettuce Raspberry M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  8. Benefits GMO’s • Reduces costs/illness caused by pesticides • Higher yield • Higher nutritional value • Protection against insect damage • Reduction in agricultural land • Conservation of resources through less use of labour, fuel, fertilizer and water • Water quality protection • Protection against plant diseases M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  9. biofuels • Crops • Oilseed rape • Soya bean • Wheat • Tree biomass • Bacteria • Clostridium acetobutylicum • Fermentation substrates • Enclosed in factory -> risk of spilling M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

  10. Negative ecological effects • Insect resistance to toxin producing plants • Slow down evolution • Species interaction a complex matter • Fewer species -> higher dependence M. Monroe, K. Grond, P. Skoglund & E. Svanberg

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