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Venezuela

Venezuela. By Madee Ehrenberg. Population. As of July 2011, 27,635,743 people Ethnic groups: Mestizo (68%), European descent (21%), African descent (8-10%), Amerindians (2%) Age distribution: 29.5% 0-14 years, 65.1% 15-64 yeas, 5.4% 65 years and older. Median age is 26.1 years

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Venezuela

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  1. Venezuela By Madee Ehrenberg

  2. Population • As of July 2011, 27,635,743 people • Ethnic groups: Mestizo (68%), European descent (21%), African descent (8-10%), Amerindians (2%) • Age distribution: 29.5% 0-14 years, 65.1% 15-64 yeas, 5.4% 65 years and older. Median age is 26.1 years • Main language: Spanish

  3. Economics • Unemployment rate: 8.5% in 2010, 7.9% in 2009 • Income/wealth distribution: lowest 10% has 1.7%, highest 10% has 32.7% • Economic growth over the past 5 years (GDP): +10% in 2006, +8% in 2007, +4.8% in 2008, -3.3% in 2009, -1.9% in 2010 • GINI coefficient (2009): 41- 56th in the world

  4. Industries and Government • Three important industries are petroleum, food processing, and motor vehicle assembly • Type of government: Federal Republic • Year of independence: July 5th, 1811 from Spain • Relations with the US: Although the US is Venezuela’s top trading partner, and Venezuela supplies the US with a good deal of its oil, relations between Venezuela and the United States are not good. Hugo Chavez, president of Venezuela, has foreign policies that go against the United States, and frequently criticizes American trade policy. He has made Venezuela friendly with Cuba, Iran, and Libya, all of which have hostile relations with the US.

  5. 1811- Independence from Spain • Venezuela had been colonized in 1535, then combined with Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama in the 18th century to become the Viceroyalty of New Granada. Charles IV of Spain was imprisoned by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1808, and after governments were set up by the territories of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, Venezuela declared its independence from Spain.

  6. 1952- Marcos Perez Jimenez becomes dictator • He was part of a junta with two other men which in 1948 overthrew President Romulo Gallegos. In 1952, he appointed himself president and was the corrupt ruler of Venezuela for six years until he was overthrown by a revolt. He was exiled to Florida, the extradited to Venezuela in 1963 for embezzlement charges, then after five years of prison, exiled to Spain.

  7. 1999- Hugo Chavez elected president • He has made large reforms which have earned him praise from some and criticism from others. He rejects US support, and his support of Fidel Castro and insulting of George W. Bush have further worsened relations between Venezuela and the United States. His current term ends next year.

  8. Simon Bolivar • Simon Bolivar was a military leader who was responsible for the liberation of many South American countries from Spanish rule. He was born in Venezuela in 1783, and after travelling to Enlightenment Europe in his late teens, became interested in revolution. He returned to Venezuela and joined the revolution in 1810, eventually winning independence for his native land.

  9. Deforestation • Venezuela has rich biodiversity, but its forests are being destroyed. Most of the deforestation in Venezuela happens north of the Orinoco River, because the majority of the Venezuelan population lives there. More recently though, deforestation south of the Orinoco in the Guyana Region has increased due to migration and mining. The average change in forest in Venezuela is .4% per year.

  10. Flooding • Venezuela’s worst ever natural disaster was the Caracas flood in December, 1999. Torrential rains occurring over a two week period caused massive floods and landslides, claiming 20,000-30,000 lives. Responses from the International Red Cross and other countries were delayed by about a week, sometimes more.

  11. Pollution • Many bodies of water are becoming more and more polluted in Venezuela. Lake Maracaibo, the largest lake in the country, and the nearby island of Margarita experiences repeated water shortages. This water pollution is a result of oil development, untreated sewage wastes, and fertilizer run-off in Venezuela. Thousands of oil pits are leaking into water supplies, and relatively frequent oil spills damage plants and animals.

  12. Joropo Music • Joropo music is a fast paced, complex style that involves many instruments, like guitars and maracas and the Latin American Cuatro. It comes from the plains regions of Venezuela and Colombia.

  13. Sources • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/ve_largelocator_template.html • http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/5798 • http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Venezuela.html • http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/countryprof4/p/usvenezuela.htm • http://www.answers.com/topic/marcos-p-rez-jim-nez • http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/latinamericaindependence/a/09firstvenezuelanrepublic.htm • http://www.answers.com/topic/hugo-ch-vez • http://www.answers.com/topic/sim-n-bol-var • http://www.globalforestwatch.org/english/venezuela/index.htm • http://corrosion-doctors.org/AtmCorros/mapVenezuela.htm • http://www.howlingearth.com/musical-genres/joropo-music.shtml • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Flag_of_Venezuela_1930-2006.png • http://www.cepr.net/images/stories/latam_byte/lab-2011-06-06a.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Hugo_Chavez_in_Guatemala.jpg • http://i.images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-357071516-hd/People_around_the_World/America/South_America/Venezuela/Cuatro_instrument-Demographics_of_Venezuela-hd.jpg • http://www.aslo.org/photopost/data/504/30Slide281-OrinocoRiverVenezuela.JPG • http://img.ibtimes.com/www/data/images/full/2011/08/17/147801-oil-spill-on-water-is-seen-near.jpg

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