1. History of the Ancient and Medieval World Staging Absolutism Louis XIV and Versailles Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111

2. Emerging Nation States Foundation of Modern Europe The Reformation The Renaissance The Voyages Of Discovery The Scientific Revolution The New Monarchies

3. The New Monarchies • Machiavelli’s view of the successful ruler • The prince: agent of change in state formation • The need for unity, security and prosperity • “How to” model: Absolutism emerges on continent The monarch must break feudal ties to past • What to look for in the successful state

4. The New Monarchies(cont.) • Church and nobility subordinated to monarch • Bureaucracy to supervise royal policies • Royal system of justice • Royal monopoly on military power • Dependable and adequate source of income Winners and losers in the modern Europe

5. Impact of ReformationA tale of 3 countries (review) • England • Act of Supremacy (1534) • Elizabethan Settlement • Holy Roman Empire • Thirty Years’ War • Peace of Westphalia (1648) • Rise of Prussia & Austria • France • Civil War • Edict of Nantes (1598) St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: 1572

6. France in the 16th Century • Francis I (Renaissance arrives, along with Leonardo) • Henry II (Diane de Poitiers vs. Catherine de Medici) • Killed in a tournament, power vacuum • 3 weak sons wrestle for control with “help” from mom • Civil War • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • 3 Henrys • Henry IV converts (“Paris is worth a mass!” - Paris vaut bien une messe.) • Edict of Nantes(1598) • Document of Religious Toleration (Band-Aid) • State trumps Religion (Politique)

7. France: Model Absolutist StateThe Great Monarchs • Henry IV with Sully(1589-1610) • Louis XIII with Richelieu(1610-1643) • Louis XIV with Mazarin and then sole rule(1643-1715) Cardinal Richelieu

8. The Challenges • Rebuilding France after disastrous religious civil war of 16th century: (Henry IV and Sully)) • “a chicken in every pot” • “Cultivation and pasturage are the mother’s milk of France.” • Centralizing and expanding government functions: civil service (including tax collection,) justice, military. • Breaking feudal ties to extend royal power • Forging a French cultural identity; replacing regional loyalties with national ones: language, religion. • Revocation of Edict of Nantes, 1685 • “One King, One Law, One Faith” • Creating an ideological basis for royal absolute rule: • “Princes are gods.” (Bossuet articulates “Divine Right” view of Kingship) • “I am the State.” (Louis XIV)

9. Assignment 1:due Tues., 5/24 • Read text, pp 510-514 • Identify new terms • Answer 4 Checkpoint Questions. • Study the graphic organizer on next slide "Louis XIV, 1673," by Pierre Mignard. representing Louis in terms of martial and classical glory.

10. Assignment 2:due Wed., 5/25 • Answer thematic questions: • Biography, pp 511, • Primary Source, pp 512 • Infographic, pp 513 Louis as the sun (See NotesPage)

11. Versailles:“Theater of Power” • All nobles required to spend time there. • The palace housed royal family and their 5,000 servants, 1,000 nobles and their 4,000 servants. (9,000 soldiers as well as thousands more artisans and civil servants lived in the town.) • Selected nobles allowed to participate in the carefully-orchestrated rituals intended to manipulate and control. • Demonstration of the power and benevolence of the monarch • Display legitimizes the monarch’s power while underlining the oneness with God and the State. • Civil Servants run an increasingly bureaucratic state.

12. Life at Versailles Why did Louis structure life at Versailles around rituals and extravagant events?

13. Assignment 3:due Thurs./Fri., 5/26/7 • Review for exam: Consult SPA • Prepare any questions for class discussion • Extra-Credit performances Expansion of France From Renaissance to Revolution

14. Images of Absolutism

15. Louis as Roman Emperor Louis’ signature