1 / 12

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS. Dr Megha Rani N Dept of Pharmacology. Definition- ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS.

cwarner
Télécharger la présentation

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Dr MeghaRani N Dept of Pharmacology

  2. Definition- ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS • WHO definition- “ADR’’ Is defined as any response to a drug that is noxious and unintended and that occurs at doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy for modification of physiological function.

  3. INCIDENCE OF ADRs • ADRs are always under reported. • ADRs are the 4th-6th largest cause for mortality. • ADRs account for approximately 10% of hospital admissions. • ADRs increase the length of hospital stay and medical costs.

  4. Type A (Augmented ) reactions • Side Effects: unavoidable, predictable Eg. Atropine as antisecretory in preanesthetic medication dry mouth b) Secondary effects: Indirect effect of therapy Eg. Intestinal microflora killed by tetracycline superinfection Corticosteroids  immunity oral candidiasis

  5. c) Toxic effects: [Overdose or prolonged use] Atropine - delirium ; Paracetamol -hepatic necrosis Barbiturates - coma; Morphine - respiratory failure

  6. Type B (Bizarre) reactions Unexpected undesirable effects • Cannot be predicted from the pharmacology of the drug • Not dose dependent, host dependent factors important in pre-disposition

  7. Type – B (bizzare) A) Drug allergy ( hypersensitivity reaction) • Type I • Type II • Type III • Type IV B) Idiosyncratic drug responses∕ Genetically determined

  8. Severity of ADR • Minor: no need of therapy, antidote, or hospitalization. • Moderate: requires drug change , specific treatment, hospitalization. • Severe: Potentially life threatening; permanent damage, and prolonged hospitalization. • Lethal: Directly or indirectly leads to death

  9. Prevention of ADR: [1] Avoid inappropriate drugs in the context of clinical condition. [2] Use right dose, route, frequency based on patient variables. [3] Elicit medication history; consider untoward incidents

  10. [4] Elicit history of allergies [in patients with allergic diseases] . [5] Rule out drug interactions. [6] Adopt right technique: Eg slow iv injection of aminophylline . [7] Carry out appropriate monitoring [Eg PT with warfarin; Li levels].

  11. Pharmacovigilance • It is defined by the WHO as the science and activities relating to the Detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug Related problems.' • The information generated is useful in educating doctors about ADRs and in the official regulation of drug use.

More Related