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Neuroscience Disciplines

Neuroscience Disciplines. Neuroanatomy Neurochemistry Neuroendocrinology Neuropathology Neuropharmacology Neurophysiology BIOPSYCHOLOGY. Brain Anatomy - Three Divisions. FOREBRAIN Telencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System

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Neuroscience Disciplines

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  1. Neuroscience Disciplines • Neuroanatomy • Neurochemistry • Neuroendocrinology • Neuropathology • Neuropharmacology • Neurophysiology • BIOPSYCHOLOGY

  2. Brain Anatomy - Three Divisions FOREBRAIN Telencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus

  3. Brain Anatomy - Three Divisions FOREBRAIN Telencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus

  4. MIDBRAIN • Mesencephalon • Tectum • Tegmentum • Periaqueductal Gray • HINDBRAIN • Metencephalon • Cerebellum • Pons • Myelencephalon • Medulla Oblongata

  5. Biopsychology • The discipline of neuroscience that attempts to discover how the various neural phenomena studied in the other disciplines control behavior. • Example: Sleep Behavior • What brain structures are responsible for sleep? • What is the chemical content of the structures? • What drugs promote sleep?

  6. Members of Society for Neuroscience - Departmental Affiliations Department Percentage of Sample Psychology 16.1 Physiology 14.3 Pharmacology 12.5 Biology 11.2 Anatomy 11.2 Neurology 6.7 Psychiatry 5.8 Neuroscience-biology 5.3 Neurosurgery 3.1 Pathology 3.1

  7. Divisions of Biopsychology • Physiological Psychology • Manipulations of nervous system in controlled experimental settings • Laboratory animals • “Pure” or “basic” research

  8. Psychopharmacology • Drug effects on behavior and how these effects are mediated • “Applied” research - purpose to develop therapeutic drugs

  9. Neuropsychology • Effects of brain damage on human behavior • “Applied” research to help those afflicted with behavioral disorders

  10. Psychophysiology • Study of the relationship between physiology and behavior in humans • Non-invasive procedures taken from the body surface • Strive to understand the physiology of basic psychological processes such as information processing, emotion

  11. Cognitive Neuroscience • The neural basis of cognition including thought, attention and memory • Human research involving non-invasive human brain imaging techniques • Involves interdisciplinary collaboration among neuroscientists

  12. Comparative Psychology • Comparison of behavior of different species • Focus on genetics, evolution and adaptiveness of behavior • brain differences that contribute to behavioral differences among species

  13. Research approaches used in Biopsychology

  14. Somatic Intervention • Bodily Intervention Behavioral Effect ExamplesExamples • Administer hormone Measure Mating • Stimulate Brain Area Measure Aggression • Local Brain Damage Measure Memory

  15. Behavioral Intervention • Somatic Effect Behavioral Intervention • ExamplesExamples • Measure Hormones Female with Male • Measure Brain Activity Memory Task • Measure Brain Anatomy Altered Rearing

  16. Correlational Studies Somatic VariablesBehavioral Variables ExamplesExamples Brain Size Learning Scores Hormonal Levels Strength of Mating

  17. Why does one study the biological basis of behavior?

  18. Brain Function and BehaviorEarly Theories

  19. Localizationist Theory • 1800ff. - Gall, Spurzheim • Brain is not a unitary organ • Cerebrum is a mosaic of centers • Each center has a specific mental function • Centers developed in size as a function of use • Centers produced protuberances on skull surface • Anatomical Personality or Phrenology

  20. Aggregate Field Theory • 1824 - Flourens: 1924 - Lashley • Specific mental functions are not localized • Brain acts as a whole for each function • Any part of cerebral cortex is capable of performing all functions

  21. Cellular Connectionism Theory • 1876 - Wernicke: 1861 - Broca • Simple mental functions are discretely localized to single cortical areas • The areas for these simple functions are interconnected • Complex mental functions arise from interactions among several of these areas

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