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Jean Piaget

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Jean Piaget

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    2. Quick Facts Born In Switzerland 1918: Doctorate in Science Worked in psychiatric clinics Began teaching philosophy and psychology Became interested in the nature of thought

    3. Piaget’s Theory Genetic Epistemology: the study of the development of knowledge Schemas Assimilation Accommodation Adaptation Equilibrium

    4. Genetic Epistemology continued… Schemas: simple skills that direct the way an infant explores the environment Assimilation: assimilating a new object into an old schema Accommodation: accommodating an old schema to a new object

    5. Assimilation and accommodation are the two sides of adaptation Assimilation and accommodation work like a pendulum swing Ideal balance is called equilibrium Assimilation can be dominant Accommodation can be dominant Periods of relative equilibrium Leads to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

    7. Sensori-Motor Stage This stage spans from birth to age 2 Infant uses senses and motor skills to understand the world Begin with reflexes and ends with complex combinations of sensori-motor skills Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 mos) Secondary Circular Reactions (4-12 mos) Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-24 mos)

    8. Sensori-motor Stage continued… Mental Representation: around 18 months child develops ability to hold an image in his/ her mind for a period of time Differed Imitation Mental Combinations

    9. Preoperational Stage Spans from ages 2-7 The use of symbols in the form of language and creative play Clear understanding of past and future Egocentric view Can only see center of a problem

    10. Concrete Operations Stage Ages 7-11 Child uses symbols representationally but can also manipulate them logically Conservation, Reversibility, Classification, and Seriation

    11. Conservation Number Length Liquid Volume Reversibility

    12. Formal Operations Stage Ages 12 and older Able to think like adults Involves using logical operations in an abstract manner, known as hypothetical thinking Group Possibilities in Four Way Conjuction (And) Disjunction (Or) Implication (If…then…) Imcompatibility (eliminate hypothesis)

    13. Constructivism Scientific theory that explains the nature of human knowledge View that much of learning originates from inside the child Only theory that explains children’s construction of knowledge from birth to adolescence Distinction among the three kinds of knowledge changes the way we should teach many subjects

    14. Three Kinds Of Knowledge Physical Knowledge: knowledge of object in external reality Social (Conventional) Knowledge: examples are holidays, written and spoken language; ultimate source is manmade conventions Logico-Mathematical Knowledge: relationships created by each individual

    15. Using Constructivism To Teach Mathematics Piaget believes that children can invent their own procedures for the four arithmetical operations through logicomathematical knowledge without any teaching of conventional rules Currently the social knowledge approach is used through the concepts of carrying and borrowing

    16. Theory in the Classroom Classrooms typically use assocationism and behaviorism Constructivism goes beyond them to be based more on scientific knowledge Education cannot be based on scientific knowledge alone but advancement forces knowledge to be studied with scientific precision

    17. Sources Boeree, G. (1999). Jean Piaget. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from Personality Theories Web Site http://www.ship.edu/~cgbeoree/piaget. html. Kamii, C. Ewing, J. (1996). Basing teaching on piaget’s constructivism. Childhood Education, 72. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from http://proquest.umi..com/pdqweb.

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