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Genetic Disorders

Genetic Disorders. Nondisjunction: If a pair of sex chromosomes fails to separate during the formation of an egg (or sperm), this is referred to as nondisjunction [cell has more or less chromosomes than it needs]. Turner Syndrome

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Genetic Disorders

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  1. Genetic Disorders Nondisjunction: If a pair of sex chromosomes fails to separate during the formation of an egg (or sperm), this is referred to as nondisjunction [cell has more or less chromosomes than it needs]

  2. Turner Syndrome Normally females inherit one X chromosome from their mother and one X from their father. Females with Turner Syndrome are missing one of their X chromosomes. • Webbed features, short, could be mentally slow, sterile http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/turner/index.html

  3. Klinefelter Syndrome Affects only males. The have an extra X chromosome. • Infertile, learning impaired, breast development

  4. Super Woman XXX • During cell division nondisjunction occurs causing the reproductive cells to have additional chromosomes. • No unusual physical problems, tall, clumsy • Super Man XYY • During cell division nondisjunction causes sperm cells to have an extra copy of the Y chromosome • Tall, super acne, language disorders, many criminals have XYY

  5. Down Syndrome Is a developmental disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 • Impaired of cognitive ability/physical growth http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/down/index.html

  6. Pedigree Chart- shows the occurrence and appearance (phenotype) of a particular gene from one generation to the next. • Squares represent males • Circles represent females • If shape colored in =presence of trait • If shape not colored in =trait not present

  7. Genetic Engineering- direct human manipulation of an organism’s genome using modern DNA technology. • Producing insulin, human growth hormones, and vaccines • Genetically modified food- crops that provide protection from insects and resistance to herbicides, also have cold or drought tolerance and an increased nutritional value

  8. Gel Electrophoresis Jello + electricity + DNA sample =separated DNA fingerprint • Fighting crime • Paternity tests • Gene Therapy • Scientists can replace bad sections of DNA to try to cure disease • Cloning • Creating new cells from an original cell • Transgenic Organisms • Mixing DNA from 2 organisms

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