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University of Texas at El Paso College of Health Sciences School of Nursing

University of Texas at El Paso College of Health Sciences School of Nursing. Objectives:. 1. ID purposes & essential elements of nsg theories 2. Differentiate terms: concept, conceptual framework, conceptual model, & theory

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University of Texas at El Paso College of Health Sciences School of Nursing

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  1. University of Texas at El PasoCollege of Health SciencesSchool of Nursing

  2. Objectives: • 1. ID purposes & essential elements of nsg theories • 2. Differentiate terms: concept, conceptual framework, conceptual model, & theory • 3. Compare selected theories of nsg. in terms of Pt., environment, health & nursing. • 4. Describe relationship of Nsg. Theory to nsg. Process & nsg. Research

  3. Purposes of Nsg. Theories & Conceptual frameworks • Practice • Education • Research • TRIANGULATION between the three is essential

  4. What is a metaparadigm? • Meta = change • Paradigm= world wide view (Webster’s, 1983)

  5. What is a concept? • A mental image that has emotional, cognitive, spiritual and cultural dimensions • A conceptual framework is a group of related concepts • A conceptual model is a graphic illustration of the relationships between concepts

  6. What is the major distinction between a theory & conceptual framework? • Level of abstraction • Conceptual framework is more abstract than the theory • Conceptual model is a diagram with its major purpose being to give clear & explicit direction to nsg. Practice, education & research

  7. CONCEPTUAL TERMS • 1. Conceptual framework • 2. Conceptual model • 3. Theory = system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon Grand Nursing Theories • Middle Range Nursing Theories

  8. Metaparadigm of Nursing • Metaparadigm of Nursing is composed of 4 concepts • Person • Environment • Health • Nursing

  9. Nightingale (1860) Peplau (1952) Henderson (1966) Martha Rogers (1970) Orem (1971) King (1971) Neuman (1972) Sister Roy (1970) Leininger (1985) Watson (1979) Parse (1981) SELECTED GRAND NSG. THEORIES (11)

  10. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory • First Nurse Theorist • Nursing = “act of utilizing environment of patient to assist him in his recovery” (Kozier, 2000) • Primary Concepts = Environmental factors (5) • Pure air • Pure Water • Efficient drainage • Cleanliness • Direct sunlight

  11. Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Model • Psychiatric nurse • Concept = therapeutic relationship between nurse & client • Nurse-Client Relationship Phases (4) • Orientation • Identification • Exploitation • Resolution

  12. Henderson’s definition of nursing • Formulated unique definition of nursing in relation to both well & will individuals • Major step in differentiating nursing from medicine • Fundamental needs of sick or well individuals (14); • 1. Biophysical needs • 2. Psychological needs • 3. Spiritual needs • 4. Social needs

  13. Roger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings • Draws from many scientific disciplines • Major concepts: • Unitary man with 5 characteristics Human energy fields= non contact therapeutic touch • Differentiates whole from holistic

  14. Orem’s General Theory of Nursing • Major concepts (5) • Self-care • Self-care agency • Self-care requisites • Therapeutic self-care demand • Nursing systems • Assumptions (3) • Universal requisites • Developmental requisites • Health deviation requisites

  15. King’s Goal Attainment theory • Based on systems theory & behavioral sciences • Major concepts • Personal systems • Interpersonal systems • Social systems • Transactions • Assumptions (3) • All related to transactions

  16. Neuman’s Systems Model • Community health nurse& clinical psychologist • Major concept = STRESS • Reconstitution = state of adaptation to stressors • Lines of resistance • Normal line of defense • Flexible line of defense • Stress categories: intrapersonal, interpersonal, extrapersonal • Assumptions (3)

  17. Roy’s Adaptation Model • Major concept = adaptation = process & outcome whereby thinking & feeling person uses conscious awareness & choice to create human & environmental integration • Modes (4) • Physiologic mode • Self-concept mode • Role function mode • Interdependence mode

  18. Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity & Universality Theory • Anthropologist • Care- essence of nsg. & dominant, distinctive & unifying feature of nsg. • Major concepts = culture, culture care, culture care diversity, culture care universality, generic care, professional care, sunrise model • Intervention modes (3): Preservation, accommodation, restructuring

  19. Watson’s Human Caring Theory • Major Concept = caring • Assumptions (11) • Carative Factors (10) • Interpersonal relationship • Use of scientific process • Addresses clinician’s self

  20. Parse’s Human Becoming Theory • “Human Becoming” • Concepts (3) • Meaning; Nurse & true presence; Pt. Is authority figure • Rhythmicity • Co-transcendence • Assumptions (3) • Human becoming & meaning • Human becoming & rhythmic patterns • Human becoming co-transcending

  21. Relationship of theories to Nursing Process • 1. Assessing • 2. Diagnosing • 3. Planning • 4. Implementing • 5. Evaluating

  22. SUMMARY • Terminology common to theory discussion • Nursing Grand Theories (11) • Relationship between theory & nursing practice

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