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Disproportionality & Preschool Universality & Fairness

The 16 th Annual Early Childhood Iowa Congress Des Moines, Iowa February 11, 2009 Walter S. Gilliam, PhD The Edward Zigler Center in Child Development and Social Policy Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine. Disproportionality & Preschool Universality & Fairness.

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Disproportionality & Preschool Universality & Fairness

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  1. The 16th Annual Early Childhood Iowa Congress Des Moines, Iowa February 11, 2009 Walter S. Gilliam, PhD The Edward Zigler Center in Child Development and Social Policy Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine Disproportionality & PreschoolUniversality & Fairness

  2. Grave Variability in Quality • Variability between states • Variability between programs • Variability between classrooms

  3. Teacher Credentials Vary by State

  4. “Expulsion” from Preschool? • The Expulsion Question • Over past 12 months • Required terminating participation in program • Behavioral problem • No transition to more appropriate setting

  5. An Extreme ExampleWhen Everything that Could Go Wrong Did • The Arrest of a Kindergartener • In the classroom • In the office

  6. PreK Expulsion Results: Nation • 10.4% of PreK teachers expelled at least 1 child in past year due to behavior problems • 1 child (78%); 2 children (15%); 3 children (6%); 4 children (1%) • PreK Expulsion Rate = 6.7 / 1,000 • K-12 Expulsion Rate = 2.1 / 1,000

  7. Expulsion Rates (per 1,000) Gilliam, WS & Shahar, G (2006). Preschool and child care expulsion and suspension: Rates and predictors in one state. Infants and Young Children, 19, 228-245. Gilliam, WS (2005). Prekindergarteners left behind: Expulsion Rates in state prekindergarten programs. FCD Policy Brief, Series No. 3. Available: www.fcd-us.org/resources/resources_show.htm?doc_id=464280

  8. TV Play on All Major Stations ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, CNN, BET

  9. Who Gets Expelled? • 4-year-olds 50% more likely than 3’s • Boys 3½ times more likely than girls • African Americans 2 times rate of European Americans; 5 times rate of Asian Americans

  10. Do Classes Differ by Student Ethnicity? • Research on SES and Process Quality • Preliminary Results of NPS

  11. Rates of Preschool Retention • National Rate = 5.0% (± 0.2%) • Highest: • Nebraska = 14.8% • Virginia = 13.5% • North Carolina = 10.1% • Lowest: • Louisiana = 0.2% • Oregon = 0.2% • Delaware = 1.0% • CT = 8.3% (7th of 40 States) • 14.8% of classrooms (2.0% - 10.5%)

  12. Logistic Regression Analysis

  13. General Discussion Is there Inequitable Distribution of Quality?

  14. Walter S. Gilliam, PhD Director, The Edward Zigler Center in Child Development and Social Policy Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine 230 South Frontage Road PO Box 207900 New Haven, CT 06520-7900 Phone: 203-785-3384 Email: walter.gilliam@yale.edu ziglercenter.yale.edu

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