Agreement: Pronouns

Agreement: Pronouns Objective and Nominative Case Pronouns

Nominative & Objective Cases • Personal pronouns change depending on how they function in a sentence: • The nominative form of a personal pronoun is used when a pronoun functions as a subject or predicate nominative. • A predicate nominative is a word in the predicate that renames the subject (follows a linking verb). Ex. She is a doctor. • The objective form of a personal pronoun is used when the pronoun functions as a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. • Direct/indirect objects follow action verbs. Ex. He gave me a book.

The Nominative Case Nominative Pronoun Forms (for subject and p.n.) I you he, she, it we you they Hint: To determine which case to use, try the pronoun alone in the sentence. Ex. John and (I, me) sang a song. (subject) Would you say: “I sang a song” or “Me sang a song”? Ex. It was they [who called] to hire Samantha. (p.n.) Would you say: “they called” or “them called”?

The Objective Case Objective Pronoun Forms me you him, her, it us you them Direct objects follow action verbs and answer the questions what or whom. Ex. Joe calledher. (Joe called whom?) Ex. Mary’s story elatedus. (story elated whom?) Ex. Joe kissedMary and her. (Joe kissed whom?)

The Objective Case Cont’d… Indirect objects come between action verbs and their direct objects. They answer the questions to whom or for whom. Ex. Kevin lentme his bandana. (Lent it to whom?) Ex. Sarah boughtthem sundaes. (Bought for whom?) Objectof a preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows a preposition. Ex. Joe gave his thanks (toher and us). Ex. Kevin’s honey bought a gift (forhim). Ex. Their co-workers went (withthem) (to the party).

Who versus Whom

Forms of Who and Whoever Nominative who, whoever Objective whom, whomever Possessive whose, whosever Who and whom can be used to ask questions and to introduce subordinate clauses.

Who/Whomin Questions Who: subject or predicate pronoun (follows a linking verb) Sub: Who wrote the song “This Land Is Your Land”? Pred Nom: The writer was who? Whom: direct object or object of a preposition D.O.: Whom did you ask? O.P.: From whomdid you get the information?

Choosing Who or Whom 1. Rewrite the question as a statement. (Who, Whom) are you speaking to? You are speaking to (who, whom). 2. Figure out whether the pronoun is a subject, a predicate nominative, an object, or an object of a preposition. Remember: To is a preposition. To whom are you speaking?

Who/Whomin Subordinate Clauses A subordinate clause contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. Who: subject of a subordinate clause Pete Seeger is a singer who cares about the environment. subject = who verb = cares Whom: direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition Bob Dylan is one singer whom Pete Seeger influenced. subject = Pete S. Verb = influenced (Pete Seeger influenced whom). whom = direct object

Choosing Who or Whom 1. Identify the subordinate clause in the sentence. Pete Seeger is a singer (who, whom) I admire. subject = I verb = admire 2. Figure out how the pronoun is used in the clause. I admire (who, whom). Direct Object = whom

Try & Check • Pg. 128 Part A #1-10 • Pg. 133 #1-5 • Pg. 134 Part B #1-1o

Pg. 128 Part A #1-10 • them • he • they • her • them • us • them • he • he • he…him…them

Pg. 133 #1-5 • who • whom • who • whom • whose

Pg. 134 Part B #1-1o • who • who • whosoever • whose • who • whom • whom • who • who • who

Agreement: Pronouns