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This lesson plans to explore sensationalism and its impact on public reaction leading to the Spanish-American War. Students will define "sensationalism" and investigate how exaggerated media narratives can shape opinions during crises. The history of Cuba under Spanish rule will be examined, including the events leading up to the war, such as the harsh treatment of Cubans, yellow journalism by Hearst and Pulitzer, the De Lôme letter, and the sinking of the USS Maine. Students will utilize Cornell note-taking strategies and create a graphic organizer to summarize the war’s causes, events, and outcomes.
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Bellringer: • Define the term “sensationalism?” • How can sensationalism trigger public reaction? A war? • What country had sovereignty over Cuba in the nineteenth century?
Cornell Notes: Three Questions • Today, I will learn . . . • Students will examine the causes, events, and outcomes of the Spanish-American War. • I will learn it by . . . • Student will actively listen and write notes using Cornell Strategies. • I have learned it when I can . . . • Students will construct a graphic organizer that summarizes the causes, events, and outcomes of the Spanish-American War.
The Spanish-American War1898 PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway Created 10/8/2012
Essential Question • Why is the Spanish-American War considered a turning point in American history?
Spain’s Harsh Treatment of Cubans • Between 1868 and 1898, a series of revolted by Cubans against Spanish rule. • Latest uprising began by Cuban exile, José martí
Spain’s Harsh Treatment of Cubans • New Spanish Governor, General Weyler • established concentration camps • 200,000 Cubans died of starvation or disease • nickname ElCarnicero (“The Butcher”).
Yellow Journalism • Rival newspapers exaggerated brutality of Spanish treatment of Cubans. • New York Journal – by William Randolph Hearst • New York World – by Joseph Pulitzer • Sensationalized stories became known as yellow journalism.
William Randolph HEARST Joseph PULITZER
De LômeLetter (Feb. 1898) • Spanish Ambassador wrote letter describe Pres. McKinley as weak. • Cuban agents intercepted letter; delivered New York Journal.
Sinking of the BattleshipU.S.S. Maine • Pres. McKinley sent battleship to Havana harbor “to protect American lives and property.”
ALL THAT WAS NEEDED TO START A WAR WAS A SPARK AND THIS CAME ON FEBRUARY 15TH, 1898, IN HAVANA HARBOR. USS MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR
Sinking of the BattleshipU.S.S. Maine • Ship exploded February 15, 1898. • Killed 260 officers and crew. • Cause unknown; newspapers blamed Spain.
WHAT DOES THIS CARTOON SUGGEST IS THE SITUATION FOR THE CUBANS?
Protecting U.S. EconomicInterests in Cuba • America’s Interest in Cuba • Cuban sugar exported to U.S. • American’s owned $50 million in Cuban property.
U.S. Navy Defeats Spanish Fleet • The Philippines • Spanish colony for 300 years; numerous rebellions • May 1, 1898, U.S. Commodore George Dewey defeats the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in the Philippines.
Rough Riders • Voluntary cavalry unit comprised of former cowboys, miners, law officer, Ivy League athletes, and American Indians. • Created and led by Theodore Roosevelt, former Secretary of the Navy.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE “ROUGH RIDERS” IN CUBA • July 1, after seizing Kettle Hill outside Santiago, assists the army in capturing San Juan Hill.
U.S. Acquires a Colonial Empire • In the Treaty of Paris, Spain agree to: • Cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the U.S. • Sell the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million
Cuba Becomes anAmerican Protectorate • Cubans gained independence from Spain • However, forced to adopt the Platt Amendment, which gave the U.S. the right to intervene to protect Cuba’s independence.
Spain’s Colonial Empire Ends • Spanish rule ends in the Western Hemisphere.
