Outsiders or Insiders?

1. Outsiders or Insiders? Organised crime and civil society Bill Tupman w.a.tupman@ex.ac.uk

2. Imagining a “Marxist-Leninist” approach to organised crime • Lenin: get Pyatakov to infiltrate it, then wait for turf wars and the opportunity to take over a group • Mao: treat them as potential allies: Chingkangshan bandits and the He Long and Elder Brother Society • But Gramsci; all this Leninist stuff only works in “the East” where “civil society” weak. In West, need long march through the institutions • My earlier article concluded orgcrim policy should aim to strengthen civsoc: bottom-up not top-down

3. Organised crime • A state within a state? • A shadow economy? • Networks of individuals with one foot in the legal and the other in the illcit? • “Uncivil” or “unruly” civil society?

4. Neoliberal governance doctrine • Role of state to be facilitator and enabler of private sector • Market forces should be left free to create efficient distribution of goods and services • Robust civil society will take over many state roles without burdensome bureaucracy • Civ soc self-regulatory and democratic • This true globally as well as nationally • Rule of law just seems to appear somehow

5. Civil society: one or many? • We talk about different types of state, different types of economy, but different types of civil society? • A single national civil society or a multitude of different ones in cities or provinces… • This is not same as culture! • Global civil society?

6. Types of civil society? • Do you either have or not have civil society? • Is it better to talk about the individual relationships of civ soc instits with state • If so, are there not different relationships between organised crime and the state • And differing relationships between orgcrim and the rest of civ soc?

7. UNODC Typology of organised crime groups • Standard hierarchy • Regional hierarchy • Clustered hierarchy • Core group • Criminal network

8. Milton Friedman changed his tune • Establishing the rule of law is more basic than privatization • In fact in some countries privatization without the rule of law is just stealing • Bit late dear boy • Shock therapy in eastern Europe was a gift to organised crime

9. Insiders or outsiders • Is organised crime to be considered outside civil society • Or as a component of civil society? • And as a presure/interest group • Is it an insider or an outsider in Wyn Grant terms?

10. Global civil society • Gambetta analysis relevant • No global institutions of contract enforcement • US instits tend to dominate • How do you enforce payment or quality from US supplier if you arent US-based? • How do crime groups enforce cross-border payments and quality of illegal goods and services?

11. Global civil society • “Organised crime” as driver of globalisation • Can organised crime substitute itself for global civil society as it has in some parts of post-Communist civil society • And in the shanty towns of Latina America • And in the “no-go” areas of Western industrial cities

12. Types of relationship • Organised crime dominates civil society • Orgcrim partner in civil soc • Organised crime corrupts civil society • Orgcrim active in some civ soc institutions • Civsoc institutions oppose orgcrim • Civsoc institutions active against orgcrim