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Understanding Acids and Bases: Definitions, Indicators, and pH Measurements

This guide explores the essential concepts of acids and bases, including their definitions and pH measurements. An acid is characterized by a pH value less than 7, while a base has a pH value above 7, with neutral substances like distilled water having a pH of 7. We also discuss indicators such as litmus paper, which change color in response to acidity or alkalinity. Blue litmus turns red in acidic solutions, while red litmus turns blue in basic solutions. Universal pH paper provides a precise measurement of pH from 1 to 14.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Definitions, Indicators, and pH Measurements

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  1. Acids and Bases Definitions Indicators and Measurements

  2. Definitions • pH: measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, non-characteristic property • Acid: a substance with a pH value less than 7, ex- lemon juice • Base: a substance with a pH value over 7, ex- bleach • Neutral: a substance with a pH of 7, only distilled(pure) water • Indicator: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base, ex- Litmus paper and Universal pH paper

  3. Litmus Paper • BLUE Litmus paper  red = acid • RED Litmus paper  blue = base • BLUE and RED Litmus paper  remain the same colour = neutral

  4. Universal pH Paper • More accurate than Litmus paper • Indicates the substance’s level of pH, between 1(more acid) and 14 (more basic)

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