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Photosynthesis: Energy & Life | Review of Cellular Respiration | Glycolysis | Krebs Cycle | Electron Transport Chain | F

Learn about photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and energy production in cells. Understand the processes such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and fermentation. Discover the connection between autotrophs and heterotrophs and how they use energy.

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Photosynthesis: Energy & Life | Review of Cellular Respiration | Glycolysis | Krebs Cycle | Electron Transport Chain | F

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  1. Photosynthesis Energy & Life

  2. Review of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Fermentation 2 ATP 36 ATP 6O2 + C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

  3. Autotrophs & Heterotrophs • Autotrophs • Autotrophs include organismsthat make their ownfood • Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly • Heterotrophs • Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food • Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy

  4. Autotroph or Heterotroph?

  5. Photosynthesis • Plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates (glucose) and oxygen, a waste product. • Plants and some other types of organisms that contain chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food. • Occurs in chloroplastof most plant cells and some single celled organisms. • 6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2

  6. Review ATP • ATP is the form of energy that is stored in and used by cells. • ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. • How many phosphates does it have?____ • Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP or adenosine diphosphate. • Can you guess what happened? Tri to di

  7. ATP to ADP means that one phosphate is removed • As a result, energy is released. • The cell can use this energy for daily activities. • ATP is the basic energy source for all cells.

  8. Releasing Energy From ATP • Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP • Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP Lose Gain

  9. Glucose • ATP is used by the cell. They have only enough energy for a few seconds. • It’s not very good for storage • Glucose is the stored form of energy. It is a form of sugar stored by the body. • When cells need more ATP, they break down the large glucose molecule.

  10. Photosynthesis again • Photosynthesis is when plants use the energy of the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches). • The equation:

  11. Sunlight reaches earth and hits the plant. • Plants absorb the sunlight with pigments such as cholorphyll.

  12. Notice in the equation above that a plant converts 6 molecules of carbon dioxide at a time. • How many carbons does the sugar product have? ____ Why?___________________ • Plants use this sugar that they created to produce complex carbohydrates such as starches.

  13. Where does this entire process take place? • Inside a chloroplast. • Photosynthesis takes place in two stages • 1. light dependent stage • 2. light independent stage (AKA: Calvin Cycle).

  14. Light dependent stage The light dependent stages uses sunlight to make energy. Sunlight excites the chlorophyll inside the chloroplast and it makes ATP and NADP, which are both forms of energy for the cell. The waste product in this stage is oxygen.

  15. Light Dependent Reaction • Takes place within the thylakoid membrane. • The light dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH

  16. Calvin Cycle • The Calvin Cycle is the light independent stage: • This means it does not use sunlight. • When does this stage occur?__________ • In this stage the ATP made in the first stage is used to make sugar with a lot of energy.

  17. The process of the Calvin Cycle • Six molecules of carbon dioxide enter to plant from the atmosphere. • ATP is used to make a six carbon sugar • Plant uses the sugar for • A. Energy • B. to build larger sugar molecules such as starches.

  18. Why does the plant make it’s own sugar? It uses the energy for growth and development. Also, other animals can eat the plant to use the energy stored within its carbohydrates (sugars).

  19. Review questions • Most autotrophs store energy in the form of 1. starches  2. carbon dioxide  3. water  4. nucleic acids

  20. 7 The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in • (1) a nucleus • (2) a chromosome • (3) a protein molecule • (4) an enzyme molecule

  21. Which part of a molecule provides energy for life processes? • (1) carbon atoms (3) chemical bonds • (2) oxygen atoms (4) inorganic nitrogen

  22. The dissolved carbon dioxide in a lake is used directly by • (1) autotrophs (3) fungi • (2) parasites (4) decomposers

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