From the History of the EU

1. From the History of the EU Milena Vicenová CULS Prague, November 2013

2. 1871 – Unificarion of ermany

3. First steps towards unification • 1871 – formal unification of Germany • Over 17 mil. World War victims • Paris Peace Conference →Treaty of Versailles • 1922 International Pan European Union • Aristide Briand, • Gustav Stresemann • Nobel Peace Prize 1926 • 60 millions World War II victims

4. Europe before the World War

5. Europe after the World War

6. Pan-Europa Movement • Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi - founder and President for 49 years of the Pan European Union • Father Austrian diplomat, mother Japanese • Multilingual and multicultural education • His first book, titled Pan – Europa , published in 1923 • Alternative – „integration or collapse“

7. Main vision • 1946 Winston Churchill – famous speech to academic youth in Zurich „We must build a kind of United States of Europe.”

8. Main vision • Jean Monet • We are not forming coalitions of states, we are uniting men. • Robert Schuman´s Declaration • The comming together of European nations requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany. • Konrad Adenauer • History is the sum of all those things which could have been avoided.

9. European Deffence Community • René Pleven and his plan: • European army • European Minister of Defence • Commonbudget and complete fusion of the human and material elements • Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands Luxembourg • Signature 1952, refused in 1954 by the French Parliament

10. Founding Fathers of the EU • Jean Monnet • Robert Schuman • Konrad Adenauer • Alcide De Gasperi • Johan WillemBeyen • Joseph Bech • Paul-HenriSpaak

11. Jean Monnet • The French political and economic adviser • Dedicated himself to the cause of European integration • Inspiration behind the ‘Schuman Plan’, which foresaw the merger of west European heavy industry → European Coal and Steel Community

12. Robert Schuman • Statesman, a qualified lawyer • French foreign minister between 1948 and 1952 • Joint control of coal and steel production, the most important materials for the armaments industry

13. Konrad Adenauer • First Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949-1963 • Changed the face of post-war German and European history • Cornerstone- reconciliation with France. • Treaty of Friendship- one of the milestones on the road to European integration

14. Founding Fathers of the EU

15. Founding Fathers of the EU

16. Reconciliation between France and Germany

17. Reconciliation between France and Germany

18. History of the EU • In 1951, six countries founded the European Coal and Steel Community, and later, in 1957, the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community: • Belgium • Germany • France • Italy • Luxembourg • the Netherlands

19. EU Enlargement • European Union is open to "any European State which respects the values referred to in Article 2 : • "respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities." This is based on the 1993 CopenhagenCriteria.

20. Cold War

21. 1973 Enlargement

22. 1981 Enlargement

23. 1986 Enlargement

24. 1995 Enlargement

25. 2004 Enlargement

26. 2007 Enlargement

27. 2013 Enlargement

28. Future Enlargement? • Candidate Countries Iceland Montenegro Serbia TheformerRepublic ofMacedonia Turkey • Potential candidates Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo • Enlargementfatigue?