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 The Meninges

 The Meninges. Dura mater - outermost layer Arachnoid mater   -  no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web) Pia mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish cells . CSF -  cerebrospinal fluid. Figure 13.25a.

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 The Meninges

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  1.  The Meninges Dura mater - outermost layer Arachnoid mater  -  no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web) Pia mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish cells

  2. CSF -  cerebrospinal fluid Figure 13.25a

  3. Dura mater is being peeled away in this photo.

  4. Subdural Hematoma

  5. CNN Video Showing cognitive tasks during brain surgery as a tumor is removed. Natgeo Brain Surgery Video - removal of tumor http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/science/health-human-body-sci/human-body/brain-tumor-sci/

  6. Spinal Cord passes down the vertebral canal, has 31 segments  (each with a pair of spinal nerves) Cervical enlargement = supplies nerves to upper limbs (neck) Lumbar enlargement = supplies nerves to the lower limbs (lower back) FUNCTION: conducting nerve impulses, serves as a center for spinal reflexes

  7. ASCENDING  - impulses travel to the brain (sensory) DESCENDING - impulses travel to the muscles (motor)

  8. Spinal reflexes - reflex arcs pass through the spinal cord

  9. THE BRAIN • ANATOMICAL REGIONS • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain Stem

  10. CEREBELLUM • Balance and coordination

  11. CEREBRUM - wrinkly large part of the brain, largest area in humans, higher mental function

  12. Brain Stem -  regulates visceral functions (autonomic system)

  13.  Corpus Callosum  -  connects the two hemispheres  1.  Cerebral Hemispheres     -  left and right side separated by the ....

  14. The Cerebral Hemispheres Figure 13.7b, c

  15. 3.  Convolutions of the Brain - the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum Fissures = deep groove Sulcus = shallow groove Gyrus = bump

  16. 4.  Fissures – separate lobes Longitudinal fissure - separate right and left sides

  17. Lobes of the Brain (general functions) 5.  Frontal – reasoning, thinking, language 6. Parietal – touch, pain, relation of body parts (somatosensory) 7.  Temporal Lobe – hearing 8.  Occipital – vision

  18. LOBES OF THE BRAIN (CEREBRUM) Figure 13.7a Sulcus = groove Gyrus = raised bump Fissure = deep groove

  19. 9.  Cerebral Cortex - thin layer of gray matter that is the outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles)

  20. Functional and Structural Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Figure 13.11a

  21. 11.  Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - fluid that protects and supports brain Figure 13.27b

  22. FUNCTIONAL REGIONS • A. MOTOR AREAS • B. SENSORY AREAS • C. ASSOCIATION

  23. 12.  Motor Areas - controls voluntary movements- the right side of the brain generally controls the left side of the body -also has Broca's Area (speech)

  24. 13.  Sensory Area - involved in feelings and sensations    (visual, auditory, smell, touch, taste)

  25. 14.  Association Areas - higher levels of thinking, interpreting and analyzing information

  26. BRAIN STEM Consists of three parts:   -MIDBRAIN -PONS -MEDULLA OBLONGATA

  27. Cerebellum - balance, coordination 5.  Midbrain – visual reflexes, eye movements 6. Pons - relay sensory information 7.  Medulla – heart, respiration, blood pressure

  28. 9. HIPPOCAMPUS • Memory is controlled by the HIPPOCAMPUS (“sea horse”; that’s its shape). The hippocampus plays a major role in memories.

  29. How important are your memories? If you were involved in a traumatic event, such as a rape or a terrorist attack,  would you take a pill that would make it so that you did not remember the event?  http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/05/27/drug-metyrapone-to-erase-bad-memories/26532.html

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