1. Plan 19

2. Facts • Plan 19 was also known as plan ”A”. • This plan was initially made in 1910 by General Danilov. • However, it was criticized greatly by France and by some leading members of the Russian Army. • Due to the criticism, the plan underwent serious changes and was finished in 1912.

3. Criticism The two main sources of criticism were: • The French – there was a growing fear that Germany would initiate the war by invading France, and so they wanted ”Plan 19” to be more aggressive for their protection. • Russian Army Officials – some of the officials thought that it was not Germany that was their main threat but Austria-Hungary. They thought they should be more prepared for an attack from the Austo-Hungarian army.

4. The Plan • The plan was that when Germany finally attacked France, the Russians would invade East Prussia and then move towards central Germany. • While half the army (2 armies) were out overwhelming Germany through number, the rest would defend any incoming attacks either from Austria-Hungary or Germany itself. • The Russians had 4 armies at their disposal, comprising of 19 corps.

5. What Happened? • Russia lost all battles advancing into Prussia and they were forced to turn back. • Thousands were dead as the German army was much more advanced. • Plan 19 failed as a result of the Russians underestimating German forces and overestimating their own.