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K nowledge A ttitude P ractices

K nowledge A ttitude P ractices. For M ain S treams of L ife Programme, China John MacKinnon, UNDP consultant. Why undertake KAP?. Establish baseline of stakeholders behaviour and underlying reasoning behind such behaviour Clarify awareness and education needs for individual projects

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K nowledge A ttitude P ractices

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  1. KnowledgeAttitudePractices For Main Streams of Life Programme, China John MacKinnon, UNDP consultant

  2. Why undertake KAP? • Establish baseline of stakeholders behaviour and underlying reasoning behind such behaviour • Clarify awareness and education needs for individual projects • Monitor changes and measure impacts of project activities

  3. Project objectives Details may change but all projects aim to improve the behaviour of people. MSL aims to: • Improve the protective management of wetlands by responsible agents and local communities • Reduce activities that destroy or compromise the health of wetland ecosystems • Encourage and reward activities that reduce damage, pollution, wastage of important wetlands or help better protect and more sustainably use such resources

  4. Selecting samples • Based on stakeholder analysis • Includes: government, managers, local communities, visitors, public, NGOs, academics, religious authorities • Avoid sampling bias towards specific groups or localities • Include enough samples to allow splitting samples with enough statistical significance

  5. Examples samples (ECBP KAP)

  6. Monitoring change • First survey results form baseline against which future samples can be compared • Enough questions in survey must remain constant so that comparison is fair • Splitting samples allows recognition of differences between sampled groups e.g. government attitude versus attitude of local communities • New developments may prompt inclusion of some new questions into later KAP surveys

  7. Distinguishing project impacts from background change • Future samples should include enough naive ‘control’ respondents to identify background change in KAP of society at large compared to ‘affected’ respondents who have had direct contact or involvement in project • Additional measure of impact can be gained by direct questioning of project ‘participants’ as to benefits they claim or perceive to have gained through project activities

  8. What behaviour to change • Each PIF has already identified threats and problems facing respective wetlands. Many of these are the direct results of perverse behaviour of local communities, enterprises or government plans and programmes. • KAP questions should be geared to probe changes in these target areas

  9. Four angles for changing behaviour • Application and enforcement of suitable laws, regulations (Knowledge of the rules) • Spatial, temporal and quantitative zones, limits or quotas applied to certain behaviours (Knowledge of limits and understanding the reasoning) • Appealing to social motivation or peer pressure to do the right thing (Attitude and Practices) • Realisation that improved behaviour has good pay offs (Knowledge and Practices)

  10. Types of questions to be asked • Basic understanding of what biodiversity is, what wetlands are and what is their value or importance to selves and wider society • Awareness of threats to ecosystems and species • Personal attitudes towards biodiversity and particular species • Levels of dependence on species or ecosystem services • Behaviour that damages or helps protect resources

  11. Use simple choices • For ease of analysis and comparisons, use multiple choice questions or ranking of answers rather than long qualitative replies • Qualitative dialogue may, however, reveal additional important viewpoints and a section on form should always be reserved for optional qualitative comments Example: Do you eat wildlife ? Never 0 Occasionally 1 √ Often 2 Notes: Only fish and deer, no pigs or birds

  12. Need for face to face questioning • To ensure sincerity of responses and make sure that the questions and options for reply are clearly understood or ranked in correct order, it is recommended to rely on face to face questionnaires • Many problems occur in response bias and misunderstandings if using written responses • To obtain large enough samples to be statistically significant therefore requires a lot of questionnaire time and effort

  13. Revealing background trends

  14. Separating impacts of project

  15. Reporting results • Take trouble to assemble, analyze and report findings clearly • Ensure results feed into project design, review and evaluation processes so that they can help improve project design and future activities • Clear results can greatly help external evaluators to assess impacts of project

  16. Thank You ! 谢谢 !

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