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Understanding Heat Transfer and Temperature Changes in Thermodynamics

This review covers key thermodynamic concepts, including calculations for heat absorption and temperature changes in various materials. It explores specific heat capacities of substances like gold and iron and examines energy requirements for phase changes, such as melting ice. Key comparisons between the Kelvin and Celsius scales, along with definitions of thermal equilibrium and intermolecular forces, enhance comprehension. The review addresses fundamental principles such as the laws of thermodynamics and the nature of heat flow, providing a thorough understanding for students.

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Understanding Heat Transfer and Temperature Changes in Thermodynamics

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  1. Ch. 3 Review Do NoW

  2. Ch 3 Review Do Now: • How much heat does a 10g gold (Au) nugget absorb when it heats up from 25 C to 35 C? (Cp = 0.129 J/gC) • What is the change in temperature for a 50g iron bar that gives off 3.5 kJ of heat? (Cp = 0.44 J/gC) • What is the final temperature of a mixture of 2 glasses of water: one has 130g of water at 25 C, the other glass has 120g of water at 40C? • 2 kg block of ice melts. How much energy did it take to melt the ice block? (water’s Hf = 335 J/g) • Did the ice block above absorb or release energy?

  3. What is the number that converts between Celsius and Kelvin scales? • Can you have negative Kelvins? Why/Why not? • Convert 373 K to degrees Celsius • Convert -200 C to Kelvins

  4. Do Now • In which story will the heat flow fastest: • 100 C water is mixed with 2 C water • 50 C water is mixed with 2 C water • Do metals typically have high specific heats? Why? • What affects the specific heat value for a metal? • Is heat absorbed or released in each of these processes: • Melting • Freezing • Boiling • Condensing • What are the differences between the Kelvin and Celsius scales? (What are they each based on?) • What are “intermolecular forces”? Will a liquid with strong intermolecular forces evaporate away quickly?

  5. Do Now • What are the standard boiling and freezing points for water in these scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin? • What is the temp at which air is saturated with water called? • Thermal energy absorbed/released during a phase change is called ____ ____. (Hint: there are two types of this heat: Heat of Fusion and Heat of Vaporization) • Which law of thermodynamics says that heat energy must be conserved? • Which law of thermo says that heat only flows from “hot” to “cold”? • When is thermal equilibrium reached between two objects? • What are the 3 types of systems? • Which system only allows energy to flow from/into it?

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