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The Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry

The Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry. Vocabulary. Observing Quantitative Observation Qualitative Observation Inferring Predicting Classifying Making Models Science Skepticism Scientific Literacy. Science Skills. Observing Inferring Predicting Classifying Making Models.

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The Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry

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  1. The Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry

  2. Vocabulary Observing Quantitative Observation Qualitative Observation Inferring Predicting Classifying Making Models Science Skepticism Scientific Literacy
  3. Science Skills Observing Inferring Predicting Classifying Making Models
  4. Observing The process of using one or more senses to gather information. Must be accurate and factual Must keep careful records- need to be exact The observations recorded are also called data
  5. Types of Observations Quantitative Observations-An observation that deals with a number or amount. Ex. You have 10 texts on your phone, there are 3 doors in the classroom Qualitative Observation- An observation that deals with characteristics that cannot be expressed in numbers. Ex. Its raining, a bike is blue, it feels warm outside
  6. Inferring The process of making an inference, an interpretation based on observations and prior knowledge. Based on observations One of many possible reasons or explanations for an observation Drawing a conclusion without further research An inference is NOT a fact, and CAN be incorrect Deal with: what has happened or is happening
  7. Predicting The process of forecasting what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence. One of many possible outcomes It is a part of every day thinking What Will Happen
  8. Classifying The process of grouping together items that are alike in some way. Can be done in MANY ways: size, type, purpose, shape, color etc. Helps to stay organized Helps to quickly interpret data and find connections
  9. Making Models The process of creating representations of complex objects or processes. Used to understand these complex objects and processes in a more simple way Also used to help study and understand objects and processes that cannot be viewed directly Include: hand-drawn sketches, 2D diagrams, 3D models, computer generated drawings etc They have limitations
  10. Scientific Attitudes Curiosity- scientists are eager to learn, and it motivates them to keep working even when they have setbacks Honesty- very important especially when results are not the expected or predicted results Open-Mindedness- need to be open to new and different ideas; considering other information or ideas Skepticism- “an attitude of doubt” must balance with open-mindedness. Creativity- need to have inventive ways to solve problems
  11. Scientific Inquiry Vocabulary Scientific Inquiry Hypothesis Variable Controlled Experiment Manipulated Variable Responding Variable Operational Definition Data Communicating Scientific Theory Scientific Law
  12. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
  13. Posing Questions Developed after making observations Scientific Inquiry can only address questions that have answers based:
  14. Conclusions and Analysis A summary of what you have learned from the experiment Address: Does the data support your hypothesis? Why do you think so? If it does not support your hypothesis, why do you think it does not? Did you collect enough data? What other aspects need to be investigated? Did your results make you think of any new questions? Did anything go wrong in the experiment that may have affected the results? What would you improve for next time?
  15. Scientific Theory Well tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results. A large body of evidence supports a theory Explains “why?” Examples: Theory of Plate Tectonics, Theory of Natural Selection, Atomic Theory
  16. Scientific Law A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions. “A rule of Nature” Does not attempt to explain the observed pattern Describes “What?” Examples: Law of Gravity, Ideal Gas Law, Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy, Laws of Thermodynamics, Newton’s Laws of Motion
  17. Three Branches of Science Earth and Space Science Life Science Physical Science **These major branches are not really separate they are all very much connected**
  18. Three Branches of Science Earth and Space Science: The study of the Earth and its place in the universe. Investigates the origin, structure, and physical phenomena of the earth and the universe.
  19. Three Branches of Science Life Science: The study of living organisms. The life sciences investigate the diversity, complexity, and interconnectedness of life on earth.
  20. Three Branches of Science Physical Science: The study of matter and energy Investigates composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, and the relationships between matter and energy.
  21. Lab Safety http://designsuperhighway.com/Flash/flash_files/labsafety.html
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