Primary Enabling Infrastructure For The Mobile Internet

1. Primary Enabling Infrastructure For The Mobile Internet Presented by: Ian SerraoDirector – Network ServicesColumbus Communications Trinidad Ltd.

2. Mobile Industry Observations Currently Over 3 billion mobile phone users, estimated to grow to 5 billion in 2010 Growing dependence on mobile connectivity Demand for Data mobility Significant increase in Data, video and application development Traffic growing exponentially due to consumer demand for mobile data services for e-mail, text messaging, web access etc Push for more bandwidth accelerated by new handsets such as iPhones that combine digital media entertainment with web based applications Source: Infonetics Research, 2008

3. Analyst Predictions, Statistics and Trends Demand for bandwidth will grow exponentially while revenue for the operator will taper off Carriers are exploring various technologies to provide cheaper and more effective ways to meet the capacity growth at a lower CAPEX and OPEX cost Evolution towards Ethernet/IP based mobile solutions Bandwidth demands Mobile Call -16k, Text Messaging– 9.6 -240k Web browsing – 128-384k (min) Media Streaming – 2-15 Mbps

4. Worldwide Cell Site Connections Growing • Installed WW connections • 2006 = 2.9 million • 2010 = 4.8 million • Ethernet fastest growing through 2010 • Mobile operators pay incremental charges for 2x to 10x bandwidth • New options solve major problem for operators Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base & Services, 2007

5. Backhaul the Critical Link • The Mobile Backhaul network : • Is the critical link between the mobile subscriber and the network or the Internet • Links the remote base stations and cell towers to the mobile operators core networks • Provide access to both the voice network and the internet Fixed-Wireless/Microwave Copper Fiber Wireless handset Carrier Base Station Mobile Switching Office (provisioning, call routing, etc)

6. Mobile Evolution With downstream data rates capable of delivering a theoretical 14.4 Mbps of user throughput, the demand for bandwidth in the backhaul network is increasing by an order of magnitude from where it is today

7. Impact of New Services on Backhaul Circuits New services provide additional capabilities but require more bandwidth. T1/E1 TDM Backhaul Circuits traditionally used are ideal for carrying high-value voice services but are not optimized for high bandwidth data services. Backhaul links are becoming congested

8. Possible Solutions • Separate mobile voice services directly at the cell site. • Data traffic can be backhauled using lower cost broadband technologies (xDSL, cable modem, Carrier Ethernet) • Migrate all services voice and data to a single platform that meets all the needs required to deliver service to the customer

9. The Future of Mobile Backhaul • Economic advantages of Ethernet will lead to its widespread use for mobile backhaul networks • Introduction of Ethernet and IP interfaces in mobile base stations and radio controller equipment • Migration of legacy TDM circuits to Carrier Ethernet Solutions • Global Consensus and Adoption of Carrier Ethernet Standards

10. Advantages of Carrier Ethernet Backhaul • Ethernet • Economically meets exploding bandwidth requirements currently constrained by the prohibitive costs of legacy network upgrades • Efficient and simple for service providers to manage and maintain • Reliable with full SLA support and full OAM capabilities • Most mobile data traffic is broadband/IP centric • Ethernet is optimized for packet data traffic • Overcomes TDM (T1/E1) scalability • This makes Carrier Ethernet the compelling choice • Packet can be extended to the cell site over other physical technologies: • WiMAX • xDSL • Bonded Copper • GPON/EPON • Time/urgency • Ethernet NodeB’s are being deployed now by all major networks • Carrier Ethernet removes the barrier for timely network upgrades

11. Ethernet Options Solve Backhaul Cost Problem • PDH (T1/E1 etc.) costs climb directly with bandwidth • Ethernet wire-line costs grow gently with large bandwidth increases (Eth, DSL, PON, cable) • New IP/Ethernet wire-line options to satisfy the the #1 investment driver: operational cost savings Stay on PDH Ethernet Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, 2007

12. Traditional Transport E1 FR Core Site Agg Site With Legacy ATM Switch PDSN or SGSN BTS ATM BSC FR nxT1/E1 SDH IP/MPLS Core IMA ATM ATM MSC STM1 Node B BSC RNC RNC • Backhaul traffic via TDM/SDH network • All bandwidth is “nailed-up” • All scaling must be planned well before provisioning • Separate networks for backhaul and core

13. Pseudowires – The solution to the Internetworking Challenge • Enable the use of new packet networks • Provides a choice among multiple available packet network technologies • Uniquely combine circuit emulation and service emulation over a packet network • Deliver a solution allowing the transport of TDM, HDLC, and ATM based services over frame-based technologies such as MPLS, IP and Ethernet Networks

14. Future Transport Network E1 FR Core Site PDSN or SGSN BTS ATM BSC FR nxT1/E1 Psuedowires IMA MSC STM1 Node B BSC RNC Psuedowires RNC IP/MPLS Extends into the RAN • Pre-aggregation sites shorten TDM/SDH runs • Backhaul traffic via psuedowires • Preprovisioning for intuitive scaling • MPLS core is extended into the Backhaul Network

15. Carrier Ethernet Access Technology Benefits

16. Mobile Backhaul Equipment Market Trends Microwave Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base & Services, 2007

17. Thank You