DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS

1. DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS DSM-IV-TR

2. DSM-IV What is it? • A book (manual) that includes the most common mental disorders including: a description, criteria for diagnosis, treatment and research findings.

3. DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR), was published by the American Psychiatric Association, Washington D.C., most recently in 2000.

4. A word of warning……. “medical student syndrome” Students can come to believe that they suffer from almost all of the disorders with which they are made familiar because the symptoms of disorders usually overlap with experiences that are universal to the human condition. For example, feelings of sadness are not uncommon among people with healthy minds, even though they are a symptom of depression.

5. DSM-IV-TR The mental disorders in the DSM-IV-TR are listed in categories, see Box 6.2 on page 255. Over the next few weeks we are going to be studying: • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder • Eating disorders • Anxiety disorders • Schizophrenia • Dementia Can you place the above disorders in the correct DSM categories?

6. Other DSM-IV-TR disorders… SLEEP DISORDERS Disorders which are characterised by a significant sleep disturbance. Examples include: • Primary Insomnia – difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep • Narcolepsy – irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep • Sleep Terror Disorder – repeated occurrence of sleep terrors (awakenings from sleep usually beginning with a panicky scream or cry)

7. INFANCY, CHILDHOOD OR ADOLESCENT DISORDERS Disorders which are usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence . Examples include: • Reading Disorder – reading achievement that is below that expected given the individual’s chronological age • Stuttering– a disturbance in the normal fluency and time pattering of speech • Encopresis – the repeated passage of faeces into inappropriate places (e.g. clothing or floor).

8. DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Disorders in which there is a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment. Examples include: • Dissociative Identity Disorder – the presence of two or more distinct identities/personalities within the same individual • Dissociative Amnesia– an inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic/stressful nature

9. IMPULSE-CONTROL DISORDERS Disorders in which there is a failure to resist an impulse, drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others. Examples include: • Kleptomania – the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects not needed for personal use or monetary value • Pyromania– a pattern of fire setting for pleasure, gratification or relief of tension • Pathological gambling – recurrent and persistent maladaptive gambling behaviour • Trichotillomania – page 110 of text

10. DELIRIUM, DEMENTIA AND AMNESTIC & OTHER COGNITIVE DISORDERS Disorders in which there is a significant deficit in cognition or memory. Examples include: • Delirium – a disturbance of consciousness • Dementia– multiple cognitive deficits that include impairment in memory (e.g. Alzheimer’s)