1. ENUM Update forvoipeer BOFRichard ShockeyENUM co-chair IETF 63 Paris

2. A Short History of ENUM RFC 3761 • 1999 - IETF ENUM WG formed • Sept. 2000 – IETF ENUM WG – RFC 2916 • 2001 – Various Workshops (ITU-T, Europe, US, Asia, …) • 2002 – ITU -T Interim Procedures (IAB, RIPE-NCC) – ITU -T generic TLD Investigation – ETSI TS 102 051 "ENUM Administration in Europe" • 2003 – ETSI TS 102 172 "Minimum Requirements for Interoperability of European ENUM Trials" – IETF new ENUM revision, IANA registered enumservices – ITU-T final procedures ENUM domain – ETSI ENUM Workshop (Feb 2004) and Plugtest ( 2004) • 2004 – IETF RFC 3761 • Enumservices registration • 1st Commercialization Public ENUM e164.arpa (Austria, et al) • Commercial Private ENUM Services • 2005 – APEET Coordination – North American Trials

3. What is ENUM? - RFC 3761 • take E.164 phone number +1 571 434 5651 • turn it into a FQDN 1.5.6.5.4.3.4.7.5.1.e164.arpa. • ask the DNS • return list of URI’s sip:richard.shockey@neustar.biz Phone number IN ..URI OUT

4. NAPTR RR Structure preference order enumservice field regexp flag IN NAPTR 10 10 “u”“E2U+ifax”“!^.*$!mailto:me@domain.foo!” IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+SIP "!^.*$!sip:+12025332800@network.foo" . • Order field indicates order of rules in DDDS current ENUM practice is to set order to common value (10) . • Preference could indicates service selection. • U Flag – Terminal lookup resulting in URI • enumservice field: Specifies protocol to use to communicate with the E2U service defined in RFC3761 (SIP = RFC 2543) (mailto =SMTP) etc IESG maintains enumservice registration field oversight in the IANA Registry

5. Active Delegations in e164.arpa (partial) • Asia Pacific ENUM Engineering Task Force • http://www.apenum.org Coming Soon

6. Public ENUM - RFC 3761 • Public ENUM is generally defined as the administrative policies and procedures surrounding the use of the e164.arpa domain for TN to URI resolution. • Policy for branches of the tree are Nation State issues as Directed by IAB-ITU agreements • All records are visible on the Internet • Global Government policy has been to encourage consumer OPT- IN. Which is generally assumed to be the number holder as opposed to the carrier of record is the only entity permitted to create records in e164.arpa. • How will you register your Phone Number? • Nation State Issue.Registration Model much like Domain Names… • Registrars be also be Service Provider or Telecom Equipment Vendor or Independent “Registrar”

7. What is Private ENUM ? • Private ENUM is generally regarded as one or more technologies (DNS – SIP Redirect- LDAP? ) that permit one or more entities to exchange phone number to URI data. Usually in a private secure manner. • Use of any mutually agreed upon domain • Could be one or more service providers • Could be one or more enterprises – • PBX to PBX inter or intra domain • Could be private dialing plans • Principally used by wireless carriers to enable MMS routing • Could be used by IP network elements to retrieve LNP data

8. What is Carrier/Infrastructure ENUM ? • Carrier /Infrastructure ENUM is generally regarded as the use of RFC 3761 by a highly defined set of service providers to exchange phone number to URI data, potentially in a private secure manner to find points of network interconnection. • The definition of those select service providers are generally understood to those entities that can issue telephone numbers to consumers aka “the carrier of record” • Service providers are looking for NGN signaling infrastructures to replace SS7 and TCAP queries • Carrier ENUM is to be assumed as authoritative for all endpoints service providers choose to exchange data for. There is no need to OPT-OUT.

9. Carrier/Infrastructure ENUM options • 2 URI’s Carrier and Public • One is a point of interconnection the other is a SIP UA • Carrier can query either tree • Probably separate administrations • Probably still nation state issue ( Layer 9) A. Use entirely different DNS tree ( private option) B. Split tree at leaf node of e164.arpa using non terminal NAPTR records C. split of e164.arpa tree using 3761 first well known rule (CC).c.e164.arpa as in 4.4.c.e164.arpa c.(CC).e164.apra as in c.4.4.e164.arpa Public ENUM and Carrier ENUM are Orthogonal to each other, they serve different markets for different reasons. • Public ENUM and Carrier ENUM are Orthogonal to each other, they serve different markets for different reasons.

10. Lots of Drafts • Infrastructure ENUM Requirements draft-lind-infrastructure-enum-reqs-00.txt • IANA Carrier/User enumservice Registration  draft-pfautz-lind-enum-carrier-user-00.txt • Combined User and Carrier ENUM in the e164.arpa tree  draft-haberler-carrier-enum-00.txt • IANA Registration for an Enumservice Containing Number Portability and PSTN draft-livingood-shockey-enum-npd-00.txt

11. Layer 8 issues ( Economic) We all know voice is a “bucket of bits” but … Voice communications is becoming a Transit-Peering model vs reciprocal compensation. Transit for Voice is a well understood business model..peering for voice is not. Service providers going to all IP – SIP core networks. Default PSTN routing for SIP to SIP session routing by service providers is not economically sustainable. Goal IP end to end service/application delivery.

12. What does this have to do with voipeer? Its all about peering. But peering is a VERY complex subject. ENUM (Public-Private-Infrastructure) only solves the Layer 7 number translation issue. Public ENUM is slow to take off for any number of reasons. “Phone numbers are dead” but .. we’ll all be dead before they go away.

13. Questions ?