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Understanding Addition Rules for Probability: Mutually Exclusive Events

This chapter focuses on the Addition Rules for Probability, specifically the conditions under which events are mutually exclusive. Mutually exclusive events cannot occur simultaneously, and the chapter illustrates this concept through examples like getting odd or even numbers and the composition of a political rally. The addition rules differ for mutually and non-mutually exclusive events, featuring real-life applications such as calculating probabilities for intoxicated driving and accidents. By mastering these rules, learners can better analyze and predict outcomes in probability.

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Understanding Addition Rules for Probability: Mutually Exclusive Events

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  1. Chapter 4 – Probability and Counting Rulessection 4.2 – Addition Rules for Probability

  2. Addition Rules for Probability Mutually Exclusive two events are mutually exclusive if they cannot occur at the same time (they have no outcomes in common). Which of the following are mutually exclusive? • getting an odd number and getting an even? • getting a 3 and getting an odd? • getting an odd and getting a number less than 4?

  3. Addition Rules for Probability Addition Rule 1 • When two events are mutually exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is • P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) • At a political rally, there are 20 Republicans, 13 Democrats and 6 Independents. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that he or she is either a Republican or Democrat?

  4. Addition Rules for Probability Addition Rule 2 • When two events are not mutually exclusive, then • P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) • On New Year’s Eve, the probability of a person’s driving while intoxicated is 0.32, the probability of a person having an driving accident is 0.09, and the probability of a person having a driving accident while intoxicated is 0.06. • What is the probability of a person’s driving while intoxicated or having a driving accident.

  5. Addition Rules for Probability turn to page 205 • try number 11 in your notes • try number 13

  6. Practice • In class - • p 187 # 2 – 26 even

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