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AP Music Theory

AP Music Theory. Chapter 2. Scales. A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order. Pitch Class. A pitch class contains all of the notes of the same name REGARDLESS of octave. Note that the caret ( ⌃ ) above each number indicates that the number represents a SCALE DEGREE.

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AP Music Theory

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  1. AP Music Theory Chapter 2

  2. Scales • A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order

  3. Pitch Class • A pitch class contains all of the notes of the same name REGARDLESS of octave. • Note that the caret (⌃) above each number indicates that the number represents a SCALE DEGREE.

  4. Diatonic Scales • Defines a scale of mixed half and whole steps (and an occasional step and a half) in which EACH INDIVIDUAL TONE PLAYS A ROLE. • The first tone of the scale the the TONIC

  5. The “Tonic” • Focal point of the scale. • Most stable note. • Point of greatest relaxation. • Diatonic melodies frequently end on the TONIC. • Diatonic used to indicate a tone that is part of a particular scale (or key signature). • Non-diatonic are tones that do not belong to the scale.

  6. Scale Degree Names • http://www.musictheory.net/lessons/23

  7. TONIC • 1st scale degree • Tonal center – the final resolution tone.

  8. SUPERTONIC • 2nd scale degree • One step above the tonic

  9. MEDIANT • 3rd scale degree • Midway between the tonic and dominant.

  10. SUBDOMINANT • 4th scale degree • The lower dominant – the fifth tone down from the tonic (also the fourth tone up from the tonic).

  11. DOMINANT • 5th scale degree • So called because its function is next in importance to the tonic.

  12. SUBMEDIANT • 6th scale degree • The lower mediant – halfway between tonic and lower-dominant (subdominant). The third tone down from the tonic (also the sixth tone up from the tonic).

  13. LEADING TONE • 7th scale degree. • Strong affinity for and leads melodically to the tonic. Used when the seventh tone appears a HALF STEP below the tonic.

  14. SUBTONIC • 7th scale degree • Used only to designate the seventh degree of the natural minor scale (a whole step below the tonic).

  15. Natural Minor Scale

  16. Harmonic Minor Scale • Has a raised seventh degree. • Gives it more melodic thrust toward the tonic.

  17. Melodic Minor Scale • Ascending and Descending form. • Ascending: raised sixth and seventh degrees • Descending: lowered sixth and seventh degrees.

  18. Melodic Minor Scale

  19. Homework • Assignment 2.1 (in class) If you do not finish, consider this part of your homework. • Due Wednesday: Workbook 2A. • Ear – Training www.musictheory.net/exercises/ear-scale/xyybyycgspb. • 20 minutes on these exercises. Shoot for 70% pass rate. Send me your screen shots.

  20. Scale Relationships • By products of the organizational theme of major and minor scales… • Relative Relationship and the Parallel Relationship.

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