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Understanding the Universe: Key Concepts in Astronomy and Spatial Dynamics

This comprehensive guide explores fundamental concepts of astronomy, from Earth's movement and the Ptolemaic and Copernican systems to Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Learn about our solar system, including the sun, planets, and celestial bodies like asteroids and comets. The text also delves into the nature of stars, their brightness, and lifecycle, while providing insights into the vast structure of the universe, including the Milky Way and beyond. With a focus on spatial dynamics like latitude and longitude, this resource serves as an essential tool for students and enthusiasts of physical science.

darius-maynard
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Understanding the Universe: Key Concepts in Astronomy and Spatial Dynamics

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  1. Physical SciencePHS 101 Test 6 Beiser Chapter 43 - 47 Astronomy 452 South Anderson Road Rock Hill, SC 29730 www.yorktech.com Beiser p.322

  2. Chap 43 Earth & Sky Beiser p.322

  3. Ptolemaic System Beiser p.322

  4. Copernican System Beiser p.322

  5. Retrograde Motion

  6. Kepler’s Laws 1) Orbits are ellipses. 2) Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times. 3) When revolving around the sun, the square of the time over the cube of the distance is the same for all planets. where C is the same number for all planets around the same body Beiser p.322

  7. Earth Movement Revolution – a 365 day orbit trip around the sun Rotation – a 24 hour spin on our axis Precession – a 26,000 year wobble Beiser p.322

  8. Earth Grid Latitude Longitude Charlotte: 35O N 81O W NY, NY: 40O N 74O W LA, CA: 34O N 118O W Beiser p.322

  9. Space Grid Beiser p.322

  10. Chapter 44 Solar System Beiser p.331

  11. Sun

  12. Mercury

  13. Venus

  14. Earth

  15. Moon

  16. Mars

  17. Jupiter

  18. Saturn

  19. Uranus

  20. Neptune

  21. Pluto

  22. What Counts?

  23. Planet Tilt

  24. Asteroids Beiser p.331

  25. Comets Beiser p.332

  26. Meteors Beiser p.333

  27. Chapter 45 The Sun Beiser p.338

  28. Layers of Sun Beiser p.338

  29. Sunspots Beiser p.338

  30. Chapter 46 The Stars Beiser p.343

  31. Brightness of Stars • Luminosity – amount of light put out by star • Apparent Magnitude – brightness from Earth • Absolute Magnitude – brightness from 10 parsecs (~ 32.6 light years or 3.1 x 1014 km) Beiser p.343

  32. Hertzsprung-Russell Beiser p.343

  33. Life of a Star Beiser p.345

  34. Chapter 47 The Universe Beiser p.350

  35. Our Galaxy • The Milky Way Galaxy • ~400 billion stars • 100,000 light years across • We are 30,000 light years from center • 200 million years to orbit the center Beiser p.350

  36. Milky Way Beiser p.350

  37. Night Sky Beiser p.350

  38. Other Galaxies Beiser p.350

  39. It’s a Big Place • The Universe • ~ 400 billion stars in a galaxy • ~ 80 billion galaxies • ~ 3 x 1022 Stars Beiser p.350

  40. Little Dipper Constellations Cygnus Cassiopeia Leo Big Dipper Hercules Beiser p.350

  41. Sky Map Beiser p.350

  42. Zodiac Beiser p.322 Beiser p.350

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