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Biological Diversity

Biological diversity encompasses all forms of life on Earth, with over 3 million species identified and many still unclassified. Species are groups of organisms capable of reproduction, showing variation that enhances their survival. Ecosystems, which include interconnected biotic and abiotic components, play a critical role in biodiversity. Different organisms fulfill unique niches, and interactions within communities range from competition to symbiotic relationships. This overview highlights the importance of biodiversity for ecological balance and survival.

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Biological Diversity

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Biological Diversity • biodiversity refers to all the different kinds of life (or different species) on Earth • there are over 3 million species on Earth… but half a million have not been classified • species is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce together to produce viable offspring • there is variation within species though… e.g. different hair or eye color, height… • variation improves survivability

  2. Classifying Biological Diversity 5 Kindoms (bacteria) (mostly single-cell organisms) Related species can have the same genus name but not the same species name: e.g Canis lupus (wolf) and Canis familiaris (dog)

  3. Distribution of Biodiversity

  4. Ecosystems 2:48 • the whole Earth’s surface consists of a series of interconnected ecosystems • an ecosystem is an area where climate, landscape, plants and animals all interact together in a unique way • ecosystems consist of 2 components • abiotic: non living features of the area • biotic: living organisms in the area

  5. Broad Niche (Generalists) Narrow Niche (Specialists)

  6. Three warbler species feed on spruce budworm. The tree is the habitat. Each has a unique niche where they prefer to gather food. There is some overlap of niche Resource Partitioning

  7. Populations & Communities • a population is all the members of a species that are living in the same area and sharing resources • a community is populations of different species that share a common area 6:40

  8. Competition and Sharing • species are continuously interacting with each other within their environments • food chains represent this interaction • most interactions between species are brief… generally for the purpose of getting food • but some species have longer term relationships → these are called symbiotic relationships

  9. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism

  10. Mutualism

  11. Parasitism parasite & host

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