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Social Perception

Social Perception. Non-verbal communication. Functions of NVC Express emotion Conveying attitudes Communicating one’s personality traits Facilitating verbal communication. How people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words Facial expression Tone of voice

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Social Perception

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  1. Social Perception

  2. Non-verbal communication • Functions of NVC • Express emotion • Conveying attitudes • Communicating one’s personality traits • Facilitating verbal communication • How people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words • Facial expression • Tone of voice • Hand gestures • Body position/posture • Touch • Eye gaze

  3. Popularity of NVC in “pop-psychology”

  4. Does NVC vary across cultures? • Yes, in two respects 1. Emblems—gestures of hand and arms 2. display rules

  5. One area in which NVC does notvary across cultures:facial expression of emotion • Charles Darwin: The expression of emotions in man and animals (1872) • Concluded that NVC of emotional were species-specific, not cultural-specific

  6. factors that can decrease accuracy in face perception • Intentional efforts to conceal emotions • Richards & Gross (1999) • Consequences • Display rules • Affect blends/ambiguity

  7. Gender and NVC • Women more accurate at detecting NVC when the person is telling the truth • One exception to this rule: detection of lying • Theoretical explanation • Social role theory (Eagly, 1987) • Two sources of converging evidence • Cross-cultural work (Hall, 1978) • Experimental research (Snodgrass, 1985, 1992)

  8. Snodgrass, 1985 • males and females assigned to superior (boss) vs. inferior (employee) roles • Four type of dyads • DV: accuracy in reading partner’s emotions • Results: • Gender makes absolutely no difference! • All driven by role: employee always more accurate than boss • Converges on non-laboratory approach by Hall (1978)

  9. Implicit personality theories

  10. Inferences about “unseen” traits Olivia attractive + honest (inferred) False memories intelligent +

  11. Surprise at inconsistency/attempts to reconcile Olivia • *violates implicit personality theory; could lead to • Attempt to reinterpret • Attribute to situational forces • Forgetting • Change implicit theory (unlikely, but possible) attractive + Dishonest* (--) intelligent +

  12. Evaluatively mixed representations Jack Artistic (painter) (++) Disorganized (--) Temperamental (--)

  13. Culture and implicit personality theories • Creative (Western cultures) • Shi Gu (China) • Interesting issue—due to • Language, or • Reality?

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