Ch 9 Review

1. Learning Ch 9 Review

2. This is happening when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training Generalization

3. This produces a predictable response without previous training Unconditioned Stimulus

4. This occurs naturally and predictably without training Unconditioned Response

5. A stimulus that has nothing to do with the response before training has started Neutral stimulus

6. The ability to respond differently to different stimuli Discrimination

7. A neutral event leads to this after training Conditioned Response

8. Psychologist who “discovered” classical conditioning by accident while researching digestion in dogs Ivan Pavlov

9. This is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is removed Extinction

10. A type of behavior modification in which an old response attaches to a new stimulus Classical conditioning

11. When a person’s behavior causes the unpleasant event to stop, this is known as what type of conditioning Escape conditioning

12. What is the term for a stimulus or event that is likely to increase a behavior Reinforcement

13. A schedule that provides reinforcement after a random number of responses Variable ratio

14. Reponses that occur in sequence are known as what? Response chain

15. This type of schedule provides reinforcement after a specific amount of time Fixed interval

16. This type of reinforcer satisfies a biological need Primary reinforcer

17. This is when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases the frequency of a behavior Negative reinforcement

18. The type of learning that results from unpleasant consequences Punishment or aversive control

19. Famous psychologist who worked to examine learnable fears with a subject known as Little Albert John B. Watson

20. In this type of conditioning the person’s behavior prevents an unpleasant experience from happening Avoidance Conditioning

21. What type of behavior modification is based on learning from the consequences of behavior? Operant Conditioning

22. What time of reinforcement schedule is based on random amounts of time? Variable interval

23. What is the term for reinforcement that rewards for responses that are closer and closer to the desired response? Shaping

24. Who is the psychologist known for his research teaching rats to resp0nd in order to receive food? B. F. Skinner

25. What psychologist was known for his experiment with Bobo the Clown? Albert Bandura

26. John B. Watson is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social learning)? Classical conditioning

27. Albert Bandura is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social learning)? Social learning

28. B. F. Skinner is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social learning)? Operant conditioning

29. A mental picture of a place Cognitive map

30. What focuses on how information is obtained, process, and organized? Cognitive Learning

31. What is the system for providing tangible rewards for desired behaviors? Token economy

32. What results in a lowered sense of self-esteem and a lack of effort? Learned helplessness

33. What is the term for learning that occurs without a reinforcer? Latent learning

34. What type of learning happens through observation and imitation? Modeling

35. What is the term for learning principles applied systematically to change people’s actions and feelings? Behavior modification

36. What is learning that involves how people make decisions and act upon the available information? Social learning