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Introductions & Conclusions

Learn how to write compelling introductions and impactful conclusions that engage readers, convey the significance of your ideas, and leave a lasting impression. Discover techniques and avoid common pitfalls.

davidjalexander
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Introductions & Conclusions

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  1. Introductions & Conclusions

  2. Introductions and Conclusions Introductions and conclusions can be the most difficult parts of papers to write. Your introduction and conclusion act as bridges that transport your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis

  3. WHY BOTHER WRITING A GOOD INTRODUCTION? You never get a second chance to make a first impression.  Your introduction is an important road map for the rest of your paper. Ideally, your introduction will make your readers want to read your paper.

  4. Write an effective intro. Start by thinking about the question (or questions) you are trying to answer. Decide how general or broad your opening should be.  Try writing your introduction last. Don’t be afraid to write a tentative introduction first and then change it later.

  5. The 1st sentence an intriguing example (Everyday the cafeteria serves 10,000 french fries and 700 hot dogs) a provocative quotation (How is it possible that the mechanical hound lives, but does not live?) a puzzling scenario (The threat of nuclear war is upon the country, but Montag is still only concerned with reading books.) a vivid and perhaps unexpected anecdote (an anecdote is a short tale/story)

  6. Evaluating your introduction Ask a friend to read it and then tell you what he or she expects the paper will discuss, what kinds of evidence the paper will use, and what the tone of the paper will be. If your friend is able to predict the rest of your paper accurately, you probably have a good introduction.

  7. Conclusions a good conclusion will help readers see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to summarize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject.  Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

  8. Writing an effective conclusion Play the “So What” Game. Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. Synthesize, don’t summarize Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading Propose a course of action Point to broader implications

  9. Avoid! Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” first time in the conclusion. Introducing a new idea or subtopic A rephrased thesis statement Making sentimental, emotional appeals Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

  10. Closure What is a good way to start an introduction? What is a good way to write a conclusion?

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