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Tissues

This article provides an overview of tissues, including their types, functions, and characteristics. It explains the different types of epithelial tissue and their specific functions, as well as the structure and properties of glandular epithelium. The article also discusses the types of secretion in exocrine glands and the methods of secretion.

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues A group of cells that work together

  2. 2 main parts to tissues • Living- cells • Nonliving- noncellular -intracellular space called matrix

  3. Types of tissues • Epithelium • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  4. Epithelial Tissue Functions • Protection • Control Permeability/absorption • Secretion • Surface Transportation • Sensation

  5. Epithelial characteristics • Cells are packed and held together with desmosomes • Cells are attached to basement membrane • Basement membrane and ET are avascular!!

  6. Cell arrangement • Single layer, called SIMPLE • Many layers, called STRATIFIED • Looks layered but really just a single layer, called PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

  7. Cell Shapes • Based on OUTER LAYER ONLY!!! • Flat= squamous • Rounded= cuboidal • Tall= columnar

  8. Simple Squamous • “fried egg” shape • Found lining tubules and capillaries

  9. Simple Cuboidal • Found in ducts of glands, in ovaries, and capsule surrounding lens of eye

  10. Simple Columnar • Often specialized for protection, secretion or absorption • May contain goblet cells which produce mucus • May contain cilia – in respiratory tract, uterine tubes • May contain microvilli – appears as “brush border”, found in small intestine and kidney tubules

  11. Simple Columnar

  12. Stratified Squamous • Function in protection from “mechanical stress” • Found in skin, oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina • May be keratinized(skin) or not(inside of mouth, vagina)

  13. Found in ducts of sweat gland of skin Stratified Cuboidal

  14. Stratified Columnar • Functions in protection and secretion • Found in urethra

  15. Pseudostratified Columnar • Staggered nuclei give appearance of more than 1 layer • Often contain goblet cells • Ciliated( respiratory tract and middle ear) and nonciliated (in urethra and parotid gland)

  16. Surface cells may be binucleate Cells are loosely packed which gives elasticity Found in bladder, ureters and kidneys Transitional

  17. Glandular epithelium • Function in secretion • EXOCRINE- secrete product into a duct system or onto a free surface ex- enzymes, sweat, milk, sweat 2. ENDOCRINE- secrete a product directly into bloodstream ex.- hormones

  18. Exocrine Gland • Size- a. Unicellular- ex. Goblet cell b. Multicellular • Shape a. Tubular, acinar/alveolar, tubuloalveolar • Type of Secretion- a. Serous- watery w/ enzymes b. Mucous c. mixed

  19. 4. Method of secretion a. Merocrine- expel only secretion by exocytosis - ex. sweat, salivia, mucus b. Aprocrine- release portion of cell with secretory product - ex. mammary glands, underarm sweat c. Holocrine- a whole cell is secretory product - ex. Sebaceous or oil glands, testes and ovaries

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