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Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure

Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure Presented by Charlie Waddell President – Global Plasma Solutions. Commercial Applications. Critical Environment. OA Reduction. Education Hospitality Worship Veterinary Sports Arenas

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Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure

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  1. Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure Presented by Charlie Waddell President – Global Plasma Solutions

  2. Commercial Applications Critical Environment OA Reduction • Education • Hospitality • Worship • Veterinary • Sports Arenas • Restaurants • Patient Waiting Areas • Hospital • TB Isolation • CBR

  3. ASHRAE 62 METHODS Ventilation Rate Procedure (Section 6.1.1) Requirements a. CFM Per Person b. CFM Per Square Foot • Ventilation Effectiveness • System Type – i.e., single zone, multi-zone, etc. • Outside Air Quality Investigation

  4. Outside Air Quality Investigation

  5. ASHRAE 62 METHODS Indoor Air Quality Procedure (Section 6.3) Requirements a. Contaminant Source Analysis b. Contaminant Concentration Limit • Cognizant Authority for Contaminant Limit • Three Methods of Design: 1. Mass Balance Analysis (Section 6.3.4.1) 2. Subjective Evaluation (Section 6.3.4.2) 3. Similar Zone (Section 6.3.4.3)

  6. USA Today Website

  7. OA Does Not Control IAQ Alone Source: National Institute of Standards & Technology

  8. Contaminants of Concern

  9. C02 vs VOC’s ASHRAE 62 VRP Must maintain 700 PPM differential between indoors and outdoors ASHRAE 62 IAQP Allows up to 5,000 PPM

  10. According to the National Research Council, C02< 8,000 PPM has no affect on humans

  11. Table D-1

  12. Filtration Placement Consideration

  13. TECHNOLGY MUST BE UTILIZED TO CONTROL GAS PHASE CONTAMINANTS PASSIVE • CARBON / ACTIVATED CARBON / KMN04 ACTIVE • NEEDLEPOINT BI-POLAR IONIZATION (Cold Plasma)

  14. Application of Air Ionization PASSIVE GAS PHASE MEDIA OPTIONS Packed Bed System • Substantial Volume • 35 - 45 lb./1000 cfm • Capacity consistent with mass • 6 months to 1 year • Marginal decline with use • Tolerates Medium & low RH • Expensive over life • High static pressure .75” – 2”WC PD Carbon Composite Filter Media • Limited amount of media • 5 - 10 lb./1000 cfm • Limited capacity • Frequent maintenance • Rapid decline of efficiency • Poor response to RH • Inexpensive first cost • 0.5” to 1.00”WC PD

  15. TECHNOLGY THAT WILL NOT CONTROL GAS CONTAMINANTS UV Lights (Unless a catalyst such as Ti02 is used with UV) Particle Filters, Including HEPA Filters Powered Particle Filters Electrostatic Precipitators

  16. ICC / IMC • IMC 2006 & 2009 includes a provision for engineered ventilation systems • Section 403.2 – Exception

  17. Application of Air Ionization Some artificially produced plasma's Fusion energy Ion thrusters Plasma displays Rocket exhaust Area in front of a space craft heat shield Semi conductor fabrication Plasma torch

  18. History of Air Ionization Plasma was first identified in a Crooks tube, and so described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 (he called it "radiant matter"). The nature of the Crookes tube “cathode ray” matter was subsequently identified by British physicist Sir J.J. Thomson in 1897. The term "plasma" was coined by Irving Langmuir in 1928, perhaps because the glowing discharge molds itself to the shape of the Crooks tube ( a thing moulded or formed). Sir William Crookes, OM, FRS was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy.

  19. What is Plasma? In physics and chemistry, plasma is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles is ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms (reduce or increase the number of electrons in them), thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons or ions. Most matter in the universe is “ionized”. By contrast, most matter on earth (and in its atmosphere) is un-ionized.

  20. Application of Air Ionizationfor Control of VOCs and PMX Developments in the application of air ionization processes have led to significant reductions in airborne pathogens and particles, neutralization of odors, and reductions in specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the indoor air environment. Removal of very fine particulate (PMX) by conventional HEPA filters is enhanced by air ionization. The process of air ionization involves the electronically induced formation of small air ions (plasma) which react rapidly with airborne VOC and PMX species.

  21. IONS ARE NATURALLY OCCURRING Ions are present naturally in the air and are found in the highest concentrations where the ocean meets the shore and high elevation in the mountains. The plasma process will artificially create the ions found in these desirable locations and supply them into the building, enhancing the indoor air quality.

  22. Application of Air Ionization Typically, clean outdoor air contains 2000–3000ions per cubic centimeter. Inside a building with natural ventilation, the number drops below 500/cm3, and in most buildings with ducted air-conditioning systems, air ion levels above 100/cm3 are rare.

  23. Ion Deficiency Issues Few human activities lead to an increase in ions. Most activities cause a depletion. Ion depletion can cause sleepiness, attention deficit, discomfort and headaches, effects that artificially increasing ion levels has been reported to reverse. No research has reported any adverse effects on people from even high concentrations of balanced or monopolar ionization

  24. Application of Air Ionization Odor Control - A simple example would be ammonia that is produced by occupants (typical body odor smell), breaks down to oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor. Control Allergens in The Space - The plasma flows free into the occupied space through the forced air system. Once this occurs and the deactivation of the airborne contaminants is complete people with allergies have reported a reduction in symptoms and many have reported a reduction in required medication or no medication required at all

  25. Application of Air Ionization What Are VOCs? Volatile: Vapor at Room Temperature Organic: Contains Hydrogen & Carbon • Natural & Man-Made • We Come in Contact w/100’s Each Day • Human & Non-Human Sources

  26. Application of Air Ionization Healthcare Considers VOCs a Key Trigger For: • Asthma • Bronchitis • Emphysema

  27. Plasma Breaks Down Gases To Less Objectionable Forms H + H N+ H N H H + Ammonia Molecule H + Plasma Field

  28. The Objectionable Gases Regroup To Form Safe & Desirable Gases Already Prevalent in Our Atmosphere! O O N O O H O H N H N H O Nitrogen N O O O O O Oxygen H O O H Water Vapor

  29. Chemical Compounds Ionization Can Easily Control

  30. July, 2010 Issue of HVAC Insider Magazine Article Author: Bruce Longino, P.E., LEED AP Topic: Reduction of Outside Air Using ASHRAE 62 IAQ Procedure and Needlepoint Bi-Polar Ionization

  31. August 2012 Issue of HVAC Insider Magazine Article Author: Bruce Longino, P.E., LEED AP Topic: Why Use UVC Lamps when Needlepoint Bi-Polar Ionization is Better?

  32. Mold, Virus & Bacteria Control The Positive and Negative Ions Attack DNA Cell Structure & Removes Hydrogen + + Contaminant Plasma Source + +

  33. Independent Testing by CDC Affiliate EMSL Labs & ATS Labs 10’ x 10’ x 10’ cube at 6 Air Changes Per Hour Pathogen Time Exposed Kill Rate E.coli 15 minutes 99.68% MRSA 30 minutes 96.24% TB 60 minutes 69.01% Noro Virus 30 minutes 93.50% Feline Calicivirus 30 minutes 93.50%

  34. Application of Air Ionization Note: Cleans entire coil depth, not just “line of sight”.

  35. Mold Test

  36. Vallencia College Independent Testing Results: 0 Bacteria 0 Fungi Throughout Entire Depth Of Cooling Coil GPS-IBAR Indoor VOC’s < OA VOC’s!

  37. Ion Sensing Solutions • Hand Held Air Ion Counters • Duct Mount Ion Detectors • Wall & Duct Mount Air Ion Counters • TVOC Sensors

  38. Ventilation Rate Procedure w/o ERU Typical Classroom w/30 People

  39. IAQ Procedure without Energy Recovery Typical Classroom w/30 People Wall Unit w/Air Purification

  40. Ventilation Rate Procedure with ERU Typical Classroom w/30 People

  41. IAQ Procedure with Energy Recovery Typical Classroom w/30 People Wall Unit w/Air Purification

  42. Design Summary Comparison 450 CFM OA – 3.1 tons 450 CFM OA w/ERW – 1.0 ton 150 CFM OA wo/ERW- 1.0 ton 150 CFM OA w/ERW – 0.33 tons ERW + IAQP = 10% of original load!

  43. The Big Picture using the IAQP Smaller OA Unit Or Elimination of OA Unit Downsize OA Duct Downsize Electrical Downsize Structural Steel Pumps, Valves, Piping - All Reduced Many Building Trades Affected!

  44. The Big Picture with IAQP • Typical First Cost Savings = $300k to $400k or $2.50/ft²* • Typical Annual Energy Savings = $48,000 or $0.40/ft²** *First cost savings analysis provided by Spurlock Consulting, ATL, GA **Energy savings provided by Gwinnett County Schools

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