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Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure

Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure Presented by Charlie Waddell President – Global Plasma Solutions Member ASHRAE & ICC TC 4.3 (62.1) & TC 2.3 (Gas Phase Filtration) Former – Secretary 8.12 (Desiccant Dehum).

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Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure

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  1. Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization and How to Apply it to ASHRAE 62.1 Indoor Air Quality Procedure Presented by Charlie Waddell President – Global Plasma Solutions Member ASHRAE & ICC TC 4.3 (62.1) & TC 2.3 (Gas Phase Filtration) Former – Secretary 8.12 (Desiccant Dehum)

  2. Commercial Applications Critical Environment OA Reduction • Education • Hospitality • Worship • Veterinary • Sports Arenas • Restaurants • Patient Waiting Areas • Hospital • TB Isolation • CBR

  3. ASHRAE 62 METHODS Ventilation Rate Procedure (Section 6.1.1) Requirements a. CFM Per Person b. CFM Per Square Foot • Ventilation Effectiveness • System Type – i.e., single zone, multi-zone, etc. • Outside Air Quality Investigation • (Prerequisite – Section 4.1 to 4.3)

  4. Outside Air Quality Investigation

  5. ASHRAE 62 METHODS Indoor Air Quality Procedure (Section 6.3) Requirements a. Contaminant Source Analysis b. Contaminant Concentration Limit • Cognizant Authority for Contaminant Limit • Three Methods of Design: 1. Mass Balance Analysis (Section 6.3.4.1) 2. Subjective Evaluation (Section 6.3.4.2) 3. Similar Zone (Section 6.3.4.3)

  6. USA Today Website

  7. OA Does Not Control IAQ Alone Source: National Institute of Standards & Technology

  8. Contaminants of Concern

  9. C02 vs VOC’s ASHRAE 62 VRP Must maintain 700 PPM above outdoors ASHRAE 62 IAQP Allows up to 5,000 PPM in accordance with OSHA & NIOSH PPM

  10. NAVY SUBMARINE STUDY According to the National Research Council, C02< 8,000 PPM has no affect on humans CONCLUSION FROM REPORT:

  11. Table D-1

  12. Filtration Placement Consideration

  13. TYPICAL IAQ SPREADSHEET AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS

  14. TECHNOLGY MUST BE UTILIZED TO CONTROL GAS PHASE CONTAMINANTS • PASSIVE • CARBON / ACTIVATED CARBON • KMN04 (Potassium Permanganate – Highly Corrosive) • ACTIVE • NEEDLEPOINT BI-POLAR IONIZATION (Cold Plasma)

  15. TECHNOLGY THAT WILL NOT CONTROL GAS CONTAMINANTS UV Lights (Unless a catalyst such as Ti02 is used with UV*) Particle Filters, Including HEPA Filters Powered Particle Filters Electrostatic Precipitators *Refer to recent ASHRAE Position paper on PCO & RP-1457, Byproducts of PCO

  16. ICC / IMC • IMC 2006 & later includes a provision for engineered ventilation systems, i.e., (62.1 IAQP) • Section 403.2 – Exception

  17. 2014 NYC Mechanical Code

  18. Application of Air Ionization Some artificially produced plasma's Fusion energy Ion thrusters Plasma displays Rocket exhaust Area in front of a space craft heat shield Semi conductor fabrication Plasma torch

  19. Applications for Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization Item 1 Tremendous Energy and Cost Savings Via Outside Air Reduction Using ASHRAE Standard 62, IAQP Item 2 Particle Control Item 3 Odor Control Item 4 Pathogen Control Item 5 Clean Old Cooling Coils & Keep New Coils Clean

  20. History of Air Ionization Plasma was first identified in a Crooks tube, and so described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 (he called it "radiant matter"). The nature of the Crookes tube “cathode ray” matter was subsequently identified by British physicist Sir J.J. Thomson in 1897. The term "plasma" was coined by Irving Langmuir in 1928, perhaps because the glowing discharge molds itself to the shape of the Crooks tube ( a thing moulded or formed). Sir William Crookes, OM, FRS was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy.

  21. What is Plasma? In physics and chemistry, plasma is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles is ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms (reduce or increase the number of electrons in them), thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons or ions. Most matter in the universe is “ionized”. By contrast, most matter on earth (and in its atmosphere) is un-ionized.

  22. IONS ARE NATURALLY OCCURRING Ions are present naturally in the air and are found in the highest concentrations where the ocean meets the shore and high elevation in the mountains. The plasma process will artificially create the ions found in these desirable locations and supply them into the building, enhancing the indoor air quality. Units of Measure = Ions/cc Waterfalls/Elevation – 5,000 City – 200 Inside Buildings - <100

  23. Ion Deficiency Issues Few human activities lead to an increase in ions. Most activities cause a depletion. According to research conducted by Columbia University, Ion depletion can cause sleepiness, attention deficit, discomfort and headaches These effects can be controlled by artificially increasing ion levels using needlepoint bipolar ionization, which has been reported to reverse the issues. No research has reported any adverse effects on people from even high concentrations of balanced or monopolar ionization

  24. HOW PARTICLES ARE CREATED • A person sitting or stopped generates about 100,000 particles per cubic ft. • Sitting down or standing up generates about 2,500,000 particles cubic ft. • Walking generates about 10,000,000 particles per cubic ft. • Horseplay generates about 30,000,000 particles per cubic ft. • Grinding, sweeping, welding adds billions of particles per cubic ft. • Two surfaces rubbing generate billions of particles per cubic ft. There are over 18 Million particles in 1 cubic ft of air

  25. Courtesy: Steven Andrews, CIH

  26. Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization for TVOC CONTROL What Are VOCs? Volatile: Vapor at Room Temperature Organic: Contains Hydrogen & Carbon Compounds: More than one gas • Natural & Man-Made • We Come in Contact w/100’s Each Day • Human & Non-Human Sources

  27. Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization for Allergy and Asthma Triggers Healthcare Considers VOCs/Particles a Key Trigger For: • Asthma • Allergies • Bronchitis • Emphysema

  28. Plasma Breaks Down Gases To Less Objectionable Forms H + H N+ H N H H + Ammonia Molecule H + Plasma Field

  29. The Objectionable Gases Regroup To Form Safe & Desirable Gases Already Prevalent in Our Atmosphere! O O N O O H O H N H N H O Nitrogen N O O O O O Oxygen H O O H Water Vapor

  30. Chemical Compounds Ionization Can Easily Control * Typical contaminants of concern as contained within ASHRAE 62.1 • Plasma Energy greater than 12Ev, creates ozone (O3)

  31. July, 2010 Issue of HVAC Insider Magazine Article Author: Bruce Longino, P.E., LEED AP Topic: Reduction of Outside Air Using ASHRAE 62 IAQ Procedure and Needlepoint Bi-Polar Ionization

  32. Mold, Virus & Bacteria Control The Positive and Negative Ions Attack DNA/RNA Cell Structure of Single Cell Organisms & Removes Hydrogen + + Contaminant Plasma Source + + + Like Purell for the air and surfaces

  33. Independent Testing by CDC Affiliate EMSL Labs & ATS Labs 10’ x 10’ x 10’ cube at 6 Air Changes Per Hour Pathogen Time Exposed Kill Rate E.coli 15 minutes 99.68% MRSA 30 minutes 96.24% TB 60 minutes 69.01% Noro Virus 30 minutes 93.50% Feline Calicivirus 30 minutes 93.50%

  34. Mold Test (with & without NBPI)

  35. Vallencia College Independent Testing Results: 0 Bacteria 0 Fungi Throughout Entire Depth Of Cooling Coil GPS-IBAR Indoor VOC’s < OA VOC’s!

  36. Ionization Products • Sizes and capacity vary based on the manufacturer • Request Ion Density Output (Ions per Cubic Centimeter) at a given distance, ~ 1” or 2” away • Confirm products have passed the UL 867-2007 ozone chamber test – NOTE: a loop hole in UL 867 does NOT require ozone testing if products are duct mounted – only if they are space mounted

  37. Maintenance / Life • NBPI products require little maintenance • NBPI products require no replacement parts • NBPI products are usually designed to last the life of the associated air handling system. Life expectancy is greater than 10 years

  38. Ion Sensing Solutions • Hand Held Air Ion Counters • Duct Mount Ion Detectors • Wall & Duct Mount Air Ion Counters • TVOC Sensors

  39. Biofilm Reduces Heat Transfer • Amount of Scale....................% Heat Transfer Reduction • 0.006”...............................16% • 0.012”...............................20% • 0.024”...............................27% • 0.036”...............................33% • “Equipment operating with dirty coils may use as much as 37% more energy than equipment with clean coils.” • Source: Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration News

  40. Classroom Dirty Coil Analysis

  41. Fan Power Savings • CFM = 1,000 • Increased Static PD Due to Dirty Coil = 1.0” WC • $ / KW = $0.10 • Operational Hours = 2000     (typical school annual hours) • Total Savings = $37.28 Per 1,000 CFM @ 1” Static Dirty Coil Surfaces Affect Heat Transfer By Imposing More Load on System

  42. Ventilation Rate Procedure w/o ERU Typical Classroom w/30 People

  43. IAQ Procedure without Energy Recovery B A Typical Classroom w/30 People Wall Unit w/Air Purification

  44. Ventilation Rate Procedure with ERU Typical Classroom w/30 People

  45. IAQ Procedure with Energy Recovery Typical Classroom w/30 People Wall Unit w/Air Purification

  46. Design Summary Comparison 450 CFM OA – 3.1 tons 450 CFM OA w/ERW – 1.0 ton 150 CFM OA wo/ERW- 1.0 ton 150 CFM OA w/ERW – 0.33 tons ERW + IAQP = 10% of original load!

  47. The Big Picture with IAQP School with 100K ft2 • Typical First Cost Savings = $300k to $400k or $2.50/ft²* • Typical Annual Energy Savings = $48,000 or $0.40/ft²** *First cost savings analysis provided by Spurlock Consulting, ATL, GA **Energy savings provided by Gwinnett County Schools

  48. Houston Methodist Hospital Field Study Results Needlepoint Bi-Polar Air Ionization for VOC Remediation

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